BSC 438: Antibiotic Resistance
Exam Study Guide
Why do many companies not want to mainly focus on antibiotics? - ANSWER Because
they're only used for a short time
What was the girl in the video initiating diagnosed with? - ANSWER Pneumonia
What was the little girl diagnosed with? - ANSWER MRSA (staph infection/red boils)
What organ did the staph damage? - ANSWER Lungs
ECMO - ANSWER Total life support
ECMO disadvantage - ANSWER More bacterial infections (lives in breathing tubes, very
resistant)
Very antibiotic resistance bacteria type - ANSWER Gram-negative (has armor)
Stenotrophomonas - ANSWER Gram Negative bacterial infection
Pan Resistant - ANSWER Resistant to everything
Calcutta - ANSWER Indian city
How did the guy get the infection - ANSWER Ran over by train
Got leg cut off
NDM-1 - ANSWER Superbug in India
Found in environment
Hardy and Travels
Last option for treating the NDM-1 - ANSWER collistin
KPC - ANSWER NYC bacteria (summer 2011)
Combinations of antibiotics didn't work
Lives in stomach
How long did it take to subside KPC - ANSWER six months
six people died
, What percent of ICU doctors wash their hands? - ANSWER 17%
Where are antibiotics used besides humans? - ANSWER Livestock (makes them bigger)
Plants
Honeybees
Fish
Soap
Are there more resistant bacteria in guts of vegetarians or meat eater? - ANSWER
Vegetarian
How do bacteria become resistant - ANSWER Horizontal Gene Transfer
Chemotherapeutic AGents - ANSWER chemical agents used to treat disease
Penicillin - ANSWER Accidentally discovered by Alexander Fleming
Observed on contaminated plate
Secondary Metabolites - ANSWER No primary use (not essential for survival, enhance
ability to survive competition)
What kind of metabolites are antibiotics? - ANSWER Secondary
Selective Toxicity - ANSWER Ability of drug to kill or inhibit pathogen while damaging
host as little as possible
Therapeutic Dose - ANSWER Drug level required for clinical treatemtn
Toxic Dose - ANSWER Drug level at which drug becomes too toxic for patient (produces
side effects)
Side effects - ANSWER Undesireable effects of drugs on host cells
Narrow Spectrum Drugs - ANSWER Attack only a few different pathogens
Broad spectrum drugs - ANSWER Attack many different kinds of bacteria
Cidal AGents - ANSWER Kills target pathogen
Static Agent - ANSWER Reversibly inhibits growth of pathigen
Minimal Inhibitory Concentration - ANSWER Lowest concentration of drug that prevents
growth of the pathogen
Minimal Lethal Concnetration - ANSWER Lowest concentration of drug that kills the
pathogen
Exam Study Guide
Why do many companies not want to mainly focus on antibiotics? - ANSWER Because
they're only used for a short time
What was the girl in the video initiating diagnosed with? - ANSWER Pneumonia
What was the little girl diagnosed with? - ANSWER MRSA (staph infection/red boils)
What organ did the staph damage? - ANSWER Lungs
ECMO - ANSWER Total life support
ECMO disadvantage - ANSWER More bacterial infections (lives in breathing tubes, very
resistant)
Very antibiotic resistance bacteria type - ANSWER Gram-negative (has armor)
Stenotrophomonas - ANSWER Gram Negative bacterial infection
Pan Resistant - ANSWER Resistant to everything
Calcutta - ANSWER Indian city
How did the guy get the infection - ANSWER Ran over by train
Got leg cut off
NDM-1 - ANSWER Superbug in India
Found in environment
Hardy and Travels
Last option for treating the NDM-1 - ANSWER collistin
KPC - ANSWER NYC bacteria (summer 2011)
Combinations of antibiotics didn't work
Lives in stomach
How long did it take to subside KPC - ANSWER six months
six people died
, What percent of ICU doctors wash their hands? - ANSWER 17%
Where are antibiotics used besides humans? - ANSWER Livestock (makes them bigger)
Plants
Honeybees
Fish
Soap
Are there more resistant bacteria in guts of vegetarians or meat eater? - ANSWER
Vegetarian
How do bacteria become resistant - ANSWER Horizontal Gene Transfer
Chemotherapeutic AGents - ANSWER chemical agents used to treat disease
Penicillin - ANSWER Accidentally discovered by Alexander Fleming
Observed on contaminated plate
Secondary Metabolites - ANSWER No primary use (not essential for survival, enhance
ability to survive competition)
What kind of metabolites are antibiotics? - ANSWER Secondary
Selective Toxicity - ANSWER Ability of drug to kill or inhibit pathogen while damaging
host as little as possible
Therapeutic Dose - ANSWER Drug level required for clinical treatemtn
Toxic Dose - ANSWER Drug level at which drug becomes too toxic for patient (produces
side effects)
Side effects - ANSWER Undesireable effects of drugs on host cells
Narrow Spectrum Drugs - ANSWER Attack only a few different pathogens
Broad spectrum drugs - ANSWER Attack many different kinds of bacteria
Cidal AGents - ANSWER Kills target pathogen
Static Agent - ANSWER Reversibly inhibits growth of pathigen
Minimal Inhibitory Concentration - ANSWER Lowest concentration of drug that prevents
growth of the pathogen
Minimal Lethal Concnetration - ANSWER Lowest concentration of drug that kills the
pathogen
