Breast Cancer
Gauri Sabnis, PhD
Reading:
Katzung et al, Basic and Clinical Pharmacology, Chapter 54
Dipiro et al, Pharmacotherapy: A pathophysiologic Approach, Chapter 105
, Risk Factors
✥Age
2
✥Gender (F>M)
✥3Race/Socioeconomic status
✥yEnvironmental factors
S❊ Radiation exposure
6
❊ Diet/obesity (postmenopausal)
❊ Alcohol consumption
8
❊ Smoking (?) Western culture
a❊ Physical activity
5
, teenpregnancy
from
prevent
Risk Factors breast
coder CI
10Family history/genetics
✥
❊ Previous diagnosis of breast cancer or benign
breast disease
❊ First degree maternal relatives > 2nd degree
paternal
❊ BRCA1 mutations
✥Endocrine and reproductive risk factors
period
❊ Early menarche – late menopause
❊ First pregnancy after age 30 or being
nulliparous
❊ Not breast-feeding after giving birth
❊ Postmenopausal hormone replacement
therapy (OC use >10y?)
❊ Mammographically dense breasts
✥Not all risk factors are equal
✥Risk assessment models
❊ Algorithms to calculate risk – Gail model
(1.66 or higher)
❊ Risks based on genetic testing
h"ps://bcrisktool.cancer.gov 6
, Breast – Anatomy and Development
comesfrom
glad
✥Modified sudoriferous glands
that produce milk Intercostal muscles
Suspensory ligament of the
✥15-20 lobes separated by breast (Cooper’s ligament)
adipose tissue Pectoralis major muscle
Lobule containing alveoli
❊Smaller lobules in each lobe – cluster
Mammary duct
❊Alveoli convey milk into secondary Lactiferous sinus
Rib
tubules Lactiferous duct
❊Passes into mammary duct Nipple
✥As the duct approaches nipple, Areola
they expand to form lactiferous Adipose tissue in
sinus where milk may be stored subcutaneous layer
Sagittal section
7
Gauri Sabnis, PhD
Reading:
Katzung et al, Basic and Clinical Pharmacology, Chapter 54
Dipiro et al, Pharmacotherapy: A pathophysiologic Approach, Chapter 105
, Risk Factors
✥Age
2
✥Gender (F>M)
✥3Race/Socioeconomic status
✥yEnvironmental factors
S❊ Radiation exposure
6
❊ Diet/obesity (postmenopausal)
❊ Alcohol consumption
8
❊ Smoking (?) Western culture
a❊ Physical activity
5
, teenpregnancy
from
prevent
Risk Factors breast
coder CI
10Family history/genetics
✥
❊ Previous diagnosis of breast cancer or benign
breast disease
❊ First degree maternal relatives > 2nd degree
paternal
❊ BRCA1 mutations
✥Endocrine and reproductive risk factors
period
❊ Early menarche – late menopause
❊ First pregnancy after age 30 or being
nulliparous
❊ Not breast-feeding after giving birth
❊ Postmenopausal hormone replacement
therapy (OC use >10y?)
❊ Mammographically dense breasts
✥Not all risk factors are equal
✥Risk assessment models
❊ Algorithms to calculate risk – Gail model
(1.66 or higher)
❊ Risks based on genetic testing
h"ps://bcrisktool.cancer.gov 6
, Breast – Anatomy and Development
comesfrom
glad
✥Modified sudoriferous glands
that produce milk Intercostal muscles
Suspensory ligament of the
✥15-20 lobes separated by breast (Cooper’s ligament)
adipose tissue Pectoralis major muscle
Lobule containing alveoli
❊Smaller lobules in each lobe – cluster
Mammary duct
❊Alveoli convey milk into secondary Lactiferous sinus
Rib
tubules Lactiferous duct
❊Passes into mammary duct Nipple
✥As the duct approaches nipple, Areola
they expand to form lactiferous Adipose tissue in
sinus where milk may be stored subcutaneous layer
Sagittal section
7
