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  • April 2, 2025
  • 70
  • 2024/2025
  • Class notes
  • Sabnis
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Pathophysiology of Cancer


Gauri Sabnis, PhD




Reading:
Katzung et al, Basic and Clinical Pharmacology, Chapter 54
Goodman and Gilman’s Pharmacological Basis of Therapeutics, Chapter 37
Golan D. et al. Principals of Pharmacology, Chapter 39, 40
1

, Cancer Epidemiology

✥Second leading cause of death in the US
✵Leading cause of death in Hispanic Americans
✥Risk of developing cancer increases with age
✵Except childhood cancers
✥People in the lower socioeconomic strata, racial
minorities, and people without adequate health-care
resources are at a higher risk of dying from cancer
✵Preventive care and regular screenings can help improve cancer
mortality by
Ensuring preventable cancers can be prevented
Cancer can be diagnosed in its early stages when its curable
• Pharmacists in the community can contribute
3

, ✥ Ager
es
Risk Factors ✵ The most significant risk factor for most cancers
z Lifestyle

✵ Obesity (Diet and lack of physical activity)
✵ Alcohol consumption
✵ Tobacco (smoking yourself)
✥ Environmental factors
✵ Tobacco (being exposed to smoking)
✵ Ionizing radiation (including sunlight)
✵ Infections (HPV, HIV, H. Pylori)
✥ Hormone related factors




4
Risk Factors (NCI)

, Obesity and Cancer


✥Certain types of
cancers’ risk is
increased in
overweight/obese
patients
✵Hormonal influence
✵Chronic low-grade
inflammation leading
to immune system
exhaustion


5

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