1. Case Study: A 70-year-old male presents with a sudden onset of
severe chest pain radiating to the left arm and jaw. He is sweaty
and anxious.
Question: What is the most likely cause of these symptoms?
A. Aortic aneurysm
B. Myocardial infarction
C. Pulmonary embolism
D. Gastritis
Answer: B. Myocardial infarction
Rationale: The symptoms of chest pain radiating to the left arm
and jaw, along with sweating and anxiety, are classic signs of a
myocardial infarction (heart attack).
2. Case Study: A 22-year-old female presents with fatigue, pallor,
and shortness of breath. She has a history of heavy menstrual
periods.
Question: What is the most likely cause of her symptoms?
A. Anemia due to iron deficiency
B. Hypothyroidism
C. Vitamin B12 deficiency
D. Hemophilia
Answer: A. Anemia due to iron deficiency
Rationale: Iron deficiency anemia is common in women with heavy
menstrual bleeding and presents with symptoms like fatigue,
pallor, and shortness of breath.
3. Case Study: A 55-year-old male with a history of smoking
presents with shortness of breath and chronic cough that has
persisted for years. His oxygen saturation is low.
Question: Which condition is most likely causing these
symptoms?
,A. Asthma
B. Emphysema
C. Chronic bronchitis
D. Pneumonia
Answer: B. Emphysema
Rationale: Emphysema is a type of chronic obstructive pulmonary
disease (COPD), often caused by smoking, and it presents with
chronic cough and shortness of breath.
4. Case Study: A 30-year-old female presents with muscle
weakness, fatigue, and a rash around her eyes.
Question: What is the most likely diagnosis?
A. Myasthenia gravis
B. Dermatomyositis
C. Lupus erythematosus
D. Multiple sclerosis
Answer: B. Dermatomyositis
Rationale: Dermatomyositis is characterized by muscle weakness
and a characteristic rash, often around the eyes (heliotrope rash).
5. Case Study: A 25-year-old male presents with persistent
headaches, visual disturbances, and an enlarged sella turcica on
imaging.
Question: What condition is most likely responsible for these
findings?
A. Brain tumor
B. Pituitary adenoma
C. Migraine
D. Sinusitis
Answer: B. Pituitary adenoma
Rationale: A pituitary adenoma can cause headaches, visual
disturbances (due to pressure on the optic chiasm), and
enlargement of the sella turcica, where the pituitary gland resides.
, 6. Case Study: A 60-year-old female presents with unintentional
weight loss, persistent cough, and hemoptysis. She is a smoker.
Question: What is the most likely diagnosis?
A. Chronic bronchitis
B. Tuberculosis
C. Lung cancer
D. Pneumonia
Answer: C. Lung cancer
Rationale: Smoking is a major risk factor for lung cancer, which
can present with a persistent cough, weight loss, and hemoptysis
(coughing up blood).
7. Case Study: A 45-year-old male presents with abdominal pain,
bloating, and diarrhea. He has a family history of colon cancer.
Question: What is the most likely diagnosis?
A. Irritable bowel syndrome (IBS)
B. Inflammatory bowel disease (IBD)
C. Colon cancer
D. Lactose intolerance
Answer: B. Inflammatory bowel disease (IBD)
Rationale: Inflammatory bowel disease, including Crohn’s disease
and ulcerative colitis, presents with abdominal pain, diarrhea, and
bloating, and it has a strong genetic component.
8. Case Study: A 30-year-old male complains of increased thirst,
frequent urination, and fatigue. Laboratory tests reveal high blood
glucose levels.
Question: Which organ is most responsible for regulating the
patient’s blood glucose levels?
A. Liver
B. Pancreas
C. Kidneys
severe chest pain radiating to the left arm and jaw. He is sweaty
and anxious.
Question: What is the most likely cause of these symptoms?
A. Aortic aneurysm
B. Myocardial infarction
C. Pulmonary embolism
D. Gastritis
Answer: B. Myocardial infarction
Rationale: The symptoms of chest pain radiating to the left arm
and jaw, along with sweating and anxiety, are classic signs of a
myocardial infarction (heart attack).
2. Case Study: A 22-year-old female presents with fatigue, pallor,
and shortness of breath. She has a history of heavy menstrual
periods.
Question: What is the most likely cause of her symptoms?
A. Anemia due to iron deficiency
B. Hypothyroidism
C. Vitamin B12 deficiency
D. Hemophilia
Answer: A. Anemia due to iron deficiency
Rationale: Iron deficiency anemia is common in women with heavy
menstrual bleeding and presents with symptoms like fatigue,
pallor, and shortness of breath.
3. Case Study: A 55-year-old male with a history of smoking
presents with shortness of breath and chronic cough that has
persisted for years. His oxygen saturation is low.
Question: Which condition is most likely causing these
symptoms?
,A. Asthma
B. Emphysema
C. Chronic bronchitis
D. Pneumonia
Answer: B. Emphysema
Rationale: Emphysema is a type of chronic obstructive pulmonary
disease (COPD), often caused by smoking, and it presents with
chronic cough and shortness of breath.
4. Case Study: A 30-year-old female presents with muscle
weakness, fatigue, and a rash around her eyes.
Question: What is the most likely diagnosis?
A. Myasthenia gravis
B. Dermatomyositis
C. Lupus erythematosus
D. Multiple sclerosis
Answer: B. Dermatomyositis
Rationale: Dermatomyositis is characterized by muscle weakness
and a characteristic rash, often around the eyes (heliotrope rash).
5. Case Study: A 25-year-old male presents with persistent
headaches, visual disturbances, and an enlarged sella turcica on
imaging.
Question: What condition is most likely responsible for these
findings?
A. Brain tumor
B. Pituitary adenoma
C. Migraine
D. Sinusitis
Answer: B. Pituitary adenoma
Rationale: A pituitary adenoma can cause headaches, visual
disturbances (due to pressure on the optic chiasm), and
enlargement of the sella turcica, where the pituitary gland resides.
, 6. Case Study: A 60-year-old female presents with unintentional
weight loss, persistent cough, and hemoptysis. She is a smoker.
Question: What is the most likely diagnosis?
A. Chronic bronchitis
B. Tuberculosis
C. Lung cancer
D. Pneumonia
Answer: C. Lung cancer
Rationale: Smoking is a major risk factor for lung cancer, which
can present with a persistent cough, weight loss, and hemoptysis
(coughing up blood).
7. Case Study: A 45-year-old male presents with abdominal pain,
bloating, and diarrhea. He has a family history of colon cancer.
Question: What is the most likely diagnosis?
A. Irritable bowel syndrome (IBS)
B. Inflammatory bowel disease (IBD)
C. Colon cancer
D. Lactose intolerance
Answer: B. Inflammatory bowel disease (IBD)
Rationale: Inflammatory bowel disease, including Crohn’s disease
and ulcerative colitis, presents with abdominal pain, diarrhea, and
bloating, and it has a strong genetic component.
8. Case Study: A 30-year-old male complains of increased thirst,
frequent urination, and fatigue. Laboratory tests reveal high blood
glucose levels.
Question: Which organ is most responsible for regulating the
patient’s blood glucose levels?
A. Liver
B. Pancreas
C. Kidneys
