1. Case Study: A 55-year-old male with a history of smoking
presents with shortness of breath and chronic cough that has
persisted for years. His oxygen saturation is low.
Question: Which condition is most likely causing these
symptoms?
A. Asthma
B. Emphysema
C. Chronic bronchitis
D. Pneumonia
Answer: B. Emphysema
Rationale: Emphysema is a type of chronic obstructive pulmonary
disease (COPD), often caused by smoking, and it presents with
chronic cough and shortness of breath.
2. Case Study: A 25-year-old female presents with fatigue, cold
intolerance, and weight gain. Laboratory tests show elevated TSH
levels and low T3 and T4 levels.
Question: What is the most likely diagnosis for this patient?
A. Hyperthyroidism
B. Hypothyroidism
C. Diabetes Mellitus
D. Addison's Disease
Answer: B. Hypothyroidism
Rationale: The patient’s symptoms and lab results suggest
hypothyroidism, characterized by low thyroid hormone levels (T3
and T4) and elevated TSH as the body attempts to compensate.
3. Case Study: A 60-year-old male with a history of hypertension
and diabetes presents with sudden numbness and weakness on one
side of his body.
Question: What is the most likely diagnosis?
,A. Transient ischemic attack (TIA)
B. Stroke
C. Seizure
D. Brain tumor
Answer: B. Stroke
Rationale: The sudden onset of unilateral numbness and weakness
suggests a stroke, especially in a patient with risk factors like
hypertension and diabetes.
4. Case Study: A 60-year-old male presents with sudden, severe
chest pain that radiates to the left arm and jaw, sweating, and
shortness of breath.
Question: What is the most likely diagnosis?
A. Myocardial infarction
B. Angina pectoris
C. Aortic dissection
D. Gastroesophageal reflux disease (GERD)
Answer: A. Myocardial infarction
Rationale: The patient’s symptoms are classic for a myocardial
infarction (heart attack), including chest pain radiating to the left
arm and jaw, sweating, and shortness of breath.
5. Case Study: A 22-year-old female presents with frequent
urination, especially at night, and a sense of urgency to urinate.
She also reports pain during urination.
Question: What is the most likely diagnosis?
A. Urinary tract infection (UTI)
B. Bladder cancer
C. Interstitial cystitis
D. Diabetes mellitus
Answer: A. Urinary tract infection (UTI)
Rationale: The symptoms of frequent urination, urgency, and
dysuria (painful urination) are typical of a urinary tract infection.
, 6. Case Study: A 45-year-old female presents with skin lesions,
fatigue, and joint pain. She also has a butterfly-shaped rash across
her cheeks.
Question: What is the most likely diagnosis?
A. Psoriasis
B. Systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE)
C. Rheumatoid arthritis
D. Eczema
Answer: B. Systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE)
Rationale: The butterfly-shaped rash, fatigue, and joint pain are
classic signs of systemic lupus erythematosus, an autoimmune
disorder.
7. Case Study: A 45-year-old male presents with severe, sudden
abdominal pain that radiates to the back, nausea, and vomiting.
His serum amylase and lipase are elevated.
Question: What is the most likely diagnosis?
A. Acute pancreatitis
B. Gallbladder disease
C. Peptic ulcer disease
D. Appendicitis
Answer: A. Acute pancreatitis
Rationale: Acute pancreatitis typically presents with severe
abdominal pain that radiates to the back, along with elevated
amylase and lipase levels.
8. Case Study: A 45-year-old male presents with abdominal pain,
bloating, and diarrhea. He has a family history of colon cancer.
Question: What is the most likely diagnosis?
A. Irritable bowel syndrome (IBS)
B. Inflammatory bowel disease (IBD)
C. Colon cancer
presents with shortness of breath and chronic cough that has
persisted for years. His oxygen saturation is low.
Question: Which condition is most likely causing these
symptoms?
A. Asthma
B. Emphysema
C. Chronic bronchitis
D. Pneumonia
Answer: B. Emphysema
Rationale: Emphysema is a type of chronic obstructive pulmonary
disease (COPD), often caused by smoking, and it presents with
chronic cough and shortness of breath.
2. Case Study: A 25-year-old female presents with fatigue, cold
intolerance, and weight gain. Laboratory tests show elevated TSH
levels and low T3 and T4 levels.
Question: What is the most likely diagnosis for this patient?
A. Hyperthyroidism
B. Hypothyroidism
C. Diabetes Mellitus
D. Addison's Disease
Answer: B. Hypothyroidism
Rationale: The patient’s symptoms and lab results suggest
hypothyroidism, characterized by low thyroid hormone levels (T3
and T4) and elevated TSH as the body attempts to compensate.
3. Case Study: A 60-year-old male with a history of hypertension
and diabetes presents with sudden numbness and weakness on one
side of his body.
Question: What is the most likely diagnosis?
,A. Transient ischemic attack (TIA)
B. Stroke
C. Seizure
D. Brain tumor
Answer: B. Stroke
Rationale: The sudden onset of unilateral numbness and weakness
suggests a stroke, especially in a patient with risk factors like
hypertension and diabetes.
4. Case Study: A 60-year-old male presents with sudden, severe
chest pain that radiates to the left arm and jaw, sweating, and
shortness of breath.
Question: What is the most likely diagnosis?
A. Myocardial infarction
B. Angina pectoris
C. Aortic dissection
D. Gastroesophageal reflux disease (GERD)
Answer: A. Myocardial infarction
Rationale: The patient’s symptoms are classic for a myocardial
infarction (heart attack), including chest pain radiating to the left
arm and jaw, sweating, and shortness of breath.
5. Case Study: A 22-year-old female presents with frequent
urination, especially at night, and a sense of urgency to urinate.
She also reports pain during urination.
Question: What is the most likely diagnosis?
A. Urinary tract infection (UTI)
B. Bladder cancer
C. Interstitial cystitis
D. Diabetes mellitus
Answer: A. Urinary tract infection (UTI)
Rationale: The symptoms of frequent urination, urgency, and
dysuria (painful urination) are typical of a urinary tract infection.
, 6. Case Study: A 45-year-old female presents with skin lesions,
fatigue, and joint pain. She also has a butterfly-shaped rash across
her cheeks.
Question: What is the most likely diagnosis?
A. Psoriasis
B. Systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE)
C. Rheumatoid arthritis
D. Eczema
Answer: B. Systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE)
Rationale: The butterfly-shaped rash, fatigue, and joint pain are
classic signs of systemic lupus erythematosus, an autoimmune
disorder.
7. Case Study: A 45-year-old male presents with severe, sudden
abdominal pain that radiates to the back, nausea, and vomiting.
His serum amylase and lipase are elevated.
Question: What is the most likely diagnosis?
A. Acute pancreatitis
B. Gallbladder disease
C. Peptic ulcer disease
D. Appendicitis
Answer: A. Acute pancreatitis
Rationale: Acute pancreatitis typically presents with severe
abdominal pain that radiates to the back, along with elevated
amylase and lipase levels.
8. Case Study: A 45-year-old male presents with abdominal pain,
bloating, and diarrhea. He has a family history of colon cancer.
Question: What is the most likely diagnosis?
A. Irritable bowel syndrome (IBS)
B. Inflammatory bowel disease (IBD)
C. Colon cancer
