1. A nurse is caring for a patient with rheumatoid arthritis. Which
of the following is a common manifestation of this condition?
A. Symmetrical joint pain and swelling
B. Morning dizziness and fatigue
C. Unilateral leg swelling
D. Chest pain
Answer: A) Symmetrical joint pain and swelling
Rationale: Rheumatoid arthritis typically causes symmetrical joint
pain, stiffness, and swelling, particularly in the hands and feet.
2. Which of the following factors is most likely to increase the
risk of deep vein thrombosis (DVT)?
A. Frequent physical activity
B. Use of oral contraceptives
C. Low body weight
D. Dehydration
Answer: B) Use of oral contraceptives
Rationale: Oral contraceptives can increase clotting factor
production, which elevates the risk of DVT.
3. A patient with chronic kidney disease (CKD) is most at risk for
which of the following electrolyte imbalances?
A. Hyperkalemia
B. Hypokalemia
C. Hypercalcemia
D. Hypocalcemia
Answer: A) Hyperkalemia
Rationale: In CKD, the kidneys are unable to excrete potassium
effectively, leading to the accumulation of potassium in the blood,
resulting in hyperkalemia.
,4. In which of the following conditions would you expect an
increase in erythrocyte sedimentation rate (ESR)?
A. Acute inflammation
B. Dehydration
C. Iron deficiency anemia
D. Chronic hypertension
Answer: A) Acute inflammation
Rationale: ESR is an indicator of inflammation. It increases during
acute inflammatory processes, such as infections, autoimmune
diseases, and other inflammatory conditions.
5. What is a common sign of a urinary tract infection (UTI) in
older adults?
A. Fever and chills
B. Confusion and delirium
C. Painful urination
D. Excessive thirst
Answer: B) Confusion and delirium
Rationale: In older adults, UTIs may present with atypical
symptoms such as confusion, delirium, or agitation, rather than
the typical symptoms of fever and dysuria.
6. Which of the following is the most likely cause of anaphylactic
shock?
A. Blood loss
B. Allergic reaction
C. Bacterial infection
D. Spinal cord injury
Answer: B) Allergic reaction
Rationale: Anaphylactic shock is a severe allergic reaction that
causes vasodilation and fluid leakage, leading to hypotension and
shock.
, 7. What is the primary cause of hypercapnia in patients with
chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD)?
A. Increased carbon dioxide production
B. Airway obstruction
C. Pulmonary fibrosis
D. Decreased tidal volume
Answer: B) Airway obstruction
Rationale: In COPD, airway obstruction leads to difficulty in
exhaling CO2, resulting in the accumulation of carbon dioxide in
the bloodstream (hypercapnia).
8. Which of the following is a primary complication of untreated
hypertension?
A. Diabetes
B. Stroke
C. Asthma
D. Hyperthyroidism
Answer: B) Stroke
Rationale: Untreated hypertension can cause damage to blood
vessels, increasing the risk of a stroke due to the development of
atherosclerosis or rupture of a weakened vessel.
9. What is the most common cause of secondary hypertension?
A. Excessive salt intake
B. Renal disease
C. High cholesterol levels
D. Alcohol consumption
Answer: B) Renal disease
Rationale: Secondary hypertension is often caused by another
condition, with renal disease being a leading factor due to
impaired kidney function affecting fluid balance and blood
pressure regulation.
of the following is a common manifestation of this condition?
A. Symmetrical joint pain and swelling
B. Morning dizziness and fatigue
C. Unilateral leg swelling
D. Chest pain
Answer: A) Symmetrical joint pain and swelling
Rationale: Rheumatoid arthritis typically causes symmetrical joint
pain, stiffness, and swelling, particularly in the hands and feet.
2. Which of the following factors is most likely to increase the
risk of deep vein thrombosis (DVT)?
A. Frequent physical activity
B. Use of oral contraceptives
C. Low body weight
D. Dehydration
Answer: B) Use of oral contraceptives
Rationale: Oral contraceptives can increase clotting factor
production, which elevates the risk of DVT.
3. A patient with chronic kidney disease (CKD) is most at risk for
which of the following electrolyte imbalances?
A. Hyperkalemia
B. Hypokalemia
C. Hypercalcemia
D. Hypocalcemia
Answer: A) Hyperkalemia
Rationale: In CKD, the kidneys are unable to excrete potassium
effectively, leading to the accumulation of potassium in the blood,
resulting in hyperkalemia.
,4. In which of the following conditions would you expect an
increase in erythrocyte sedimentation rate (ESR)?
A. Acute inflammation
B. Dehydration
C. Iron deficiency anemia
D. Chronic hypertension
Answer: A) Acute inflammation
Rationale: ESR is an indicator of inflammation. It increases during
acute inflammatory processes, such as infections, autoimmune
diseases, and other inflammatory conditions.
5. What is a common sign of a urinary tract infection (UTI) in
older adults?
A. Fever and chills
B. Confusion and delirium
C. Painful urination
D. Excessive thirst
Answer: B) Confusion and delirium
Rationale: In older adults, UTIs may present with atypical
symptoms such as confusion, delirium, or agitation, rather than
the typical symptoms of fever and dysuria.
6. Which of the following is the most likely cause of anaphylactic
shock?
A. Blood loss
B. Allergic reaction
C. Bacterial infection
D. Spinal cord injury
Answer: B) Allergic reaction
Rationale: Anaphylactic shock is a severe allergic reaction that
causes vasodilation and fluid leakage, leading to hypotension and
shock.
, 7. What is the primary cause of hypercapnia in patients with
chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD)?
A. Increased carbon dioxide production
B. Airway obstruction
C. Pulmonary fibrosis
D. Decreased tidal volume
Answer: B) Airway obstruction
Rationale: In COPD, airway obstruction leads to difficulty in
exhaling CO2, resulting in the accumulation of carbon dioxide in
the bloodstream (hypercapnia).
8. Which of the following is a primary complication of untreated
hypertension?
A. Diabetes
B. Stroke
C. Asthma
D. Hyperthyroidism
Answer: B) Stroke
Rationale: Untreated hypertension can cause damage to blood
vessels, increasing the risk of a stroke due to the development of
atherosclerosis or rupture of a weakened vessel.
9. What is the most common cause of secondary hypertension?
A. Excessive salt intake
B. Renal disease
C. High cholesterol levels
D. Alcohol consumption
Answer: B) Renal disease
Rationale: Secondary hypertension is often caused by another
condition, with renal disease being a leading factor due to
impaired kidney function affecting fluid balance and blood
pressure regulation.
