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NUR 210 Exam 1 material Pharmacology
Principles. Exam Questions And Answers
|Latest 2025 | Guaranteed Pass
Drug response - Answer✔the intensity of the drug response is directly related to the
concentration of the drug at the SITE OF ACTION
Goal is to:
- maximize the beneficial effects- concentration high enough for desired response
- minimize harm- avoid to high a concentration
Three phases of drug action - Answer✔1. pharmaceutic phase (dissolution)
2. pharmacokinetic phase (drug moving through the body)
3. pharmacodynamic phase (what the drug does to the body)
1. pharmaceutic phase - Answer✔the drug goes into solution
- Dissolution: the process by which a drug goes into solution and becomes available for
absorption
- must be dissolved before it can be absorbed
- most absorption takes place in the small intestine
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2. pharmacokinetic phase: four processes - Answer✔"what the BODY does to the drug"
- absorption
- distribution
- metabolism/ biotransformation
- exertion
pharmacokinetic phase: Absorption - Answer✔(small intestine) the movement of a drug from
its site of administration into the blood
pharmacokinetic phase: Distribution - Answer✔drug moves from blood --> cell membrane
pharmacokinetic phase: Metabolism/biotransformation - Answer✔lipid soluble metabolite
(liver) --> a water soluble metabolite
pharmacokinetic phase: Excretion - Answer✔water soluble metabolite (kidneys)
liver - Answer✔breaks down the drug
kidneys - Answer✔excretes the drug
Pharmacokinetic phase movement process - Answer✔orally --> stomach --> SI --> bloodstream -
-> site of action --> liver (broken down) --> kidneys (excreted)
IV --> bloodstream --> cite of action --> liver --> kidneys
drugs crossing the cell membranes phospholipid cell layer - Answer✔-drugs must be LIPID
SOLUBLE in order to pass through the membrane
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- WATER SOLUBLE drugs penetrate the cell membrane through channels and pores
Absorption
1. direct penetration of the membranes
2. channels and pores
3. transport systems - Answer✔the movement of a drug from its site of administration to the
blood
How do drugs cross membranes?
1. Direct penetration of the membranes - Answer✔- use by MOST drugs
- most drugs to large to pass thru channels and pores
- most drugs lack transport systems
- drugs must be lipid soluble to be able to penetrate cellular membranes = lipophilic drugs
2. channels and pores - Answer✔only very small ions such as potassium and sodium can pass
through cell membranes
3. transport systems - Answer✔- are carriers that can move drugs from one side of the
membrane to the other
- are selective
Movement of drugs across membranes - Answer✔-drugs must cross membranes (pass through
cells) to enter the blood from their site of administration
- drugs must then leave the blood (vascular systems) to get to their SITE OF ACTION
3|Page
NUR 210 Exam 1 material Pharmacology
Principles. Exam Questions And Answers
|Latest 2025 | Guaranteed Pass
Drug response - Answer✔the intensity of the drug response is directly related to the
concentration of the drug at the SITE OF ACTION
Goal is to:
- maximize the beneficial effects- concentration high enough for desired response
- minimize harm- avoid to high a concentration
Three phases of drug action - Answer✔1. pharmaceutic phase (dissolution)
2. pharmacokinetic phase (drug moving through the body)
3. pharmacodynamic phase (what the drug does to the body)
1. pharmaceutic phase - Answer✔the drug goes into solution
- Dissolution: the process by which a drug goes into solution and becomes available for
absorption
- must be dissolved before it can be absorbed
- most absorption takes place in the small intestine
1|Page
, ©THEBRIGHT 2025 ALL RIGHTS RESERVED 11:12 AM A+
2. pharmacokinetic phase: four processes - Answer✔"what the BODY does to the drug"
- absorption
- distribution
- metabolism/ biotransformation
- exertion
pharmacokinetic phase: Absorption - Answer✔(small intestine) the movement of a drug from
its site of administration into the blood
pharmacokinetic phase: Distribution - Answer✔drug moves from blood --> cell membrane
pharmacokinetic phase: Metabolism/biotransformation - Answer✔lipid soluble metabolite
(liver) --> a water soluble metabolite
pharmacokinetic phase: Excretion - Answer✔water soluble metabolite (kidneys)
liver - Answer✔breaks down the drug
kidneys - Answer✔excretes the drug
Pharmacokinetic phase movement process - Answer✔orally --> stomach --> SI --> bloodstream -
-> site of action --> liver (broken down) --> kidneys (excreted)
IV --> bloodstream --> cite of action --> liver --> kidneys
drugs crossing the cell membranes phospholipid cell layer - Answer✔-drugs must be LIPID
SOLUBLE in order to pass through the membrane
2|Page
, ©THEBRIGHT 2025 ALL RIGHTS RESERVED 11:12 AM A+
- WATER SOLUBLE drugs penetrate the cell membrane through channels and pores
Absorption
1. direct penetration of the membranes
2. channels and pores
3. transport systems - Answer✔the movement of a drug from its site of administration to the
blood
How do drugs cross membranes?
1. Direct penetration of the membranes - Answer✔- use by MOST drugs
- most drugs to large to pass thru channels and pores
- most drugs lack transport systems
- drugs must be lipid soluble to be able to penetrate cellular membranes = lipophilic drugs
2. channels and pores - Answer✔only very small ions such as potassium and sodium can pass
through cell membranes
3. transport systems - Answer✔- are carriers that can move drugs from one side of the
membrane to the other
- are selective
Movement of drugs across membranes - Answer✔-drugs must cross membranes (pass through
cells) to enter the blood from their site of administration
- drugs must then leave the blood (vascular systems) to get to their SITE OF ACTION
3|Page
