NR 228 ACTUAL EXAM SCRIPT 2025/2026 QUESTIONS
WITH ANSWERS GRADED A+
✔✔excess protein in diet will be either stored as body fat or excreted through kidneys
causing excessive work on the kidneys - ✔✔what is a secondary source of energy ?
✔✔plant sources-grains, legumes (beans, peas, and lentils), seeds, nuts, and some
vegetables
-cereal, grains, broccoli, potatoes, green peas, leafy green veggies - ✔✔what are
incomplete proteins?
✔✔PB sandwich
Tacos with refried beans
Rice and beans
Split pea soup with croutons
Falafel (chickpea Balls) on pita bread
Lentil soup with rye bread
Baked beans with bread - ✔✔Grains + Legumes = Complete Protein
✔✔marasmus-Kwashiorkor - ✔✔protein energy malnutrition?
✔✔Albumin and Total protein - ✔✔lab values for incomplete proteins?
✔✔9 - ✔✔Lipids (fats) are ____ per gram
✔✔Lipids - ✔✔Densest form of energy available
Divided in 3 categories
1. Triglycerides -
°Saturated-have all H bonds
°Monounsaturated Missing one H bonds
°Polyunsaturated-Missing two H bonds
2. Phospholipids- also produced in the body
°lecithin
3. Sterols
°cholesterol
✔✔1. Role in production of hormones.
2. Provides padding to protect body organs
3. Essential fatty acids and the fat-soluble vitamins A, D, E, and K, are found in food
lipids. - ✔✔Function of Lipids?
✔✔coronary artery disease - ✔✔Elevations of blood lipids whether formed by our
bodies or consumed in dietary sources, are associated with ______ and certain forms of
Cancer.
, ✔✔13 - ✔✔How many vitamins are needed by the body?
✔✔Vitamins - ✔✔They provide no energy but assist in releasing energy from carbs,
lipids and proteins.
✔✔B Vitamins (thiamin, niacin, riboflavin, folate, b12, b6, biotin)
Vitamin C - ✔✔What are water soluble vitamins?
✔✔Vitamin A, D, E, and K - ✔✔What are fat soluble vitamins?
✔✔Vitamin D - ✔✔____is the only vitamin created by our bodies and it requires "sun
light" or similar to activate production.
✔✔Vitamins - ✔✔-Vital to life
-Blood Health-B12, Folate, B6, Vit K
-Bone Health- Vit D, Vit K, Vit A
-Energy-B1, B2, B3, B6, Folate, B12, Pantothenic, Biotin
✔✔Minerals - ✔✔-Sodium-Electrolyte/fluid regulation
-Potassium-electrolyte/fluid regulation, muscle function
-Chloride-and Phosphorus- Acid base balance
-Blood Health-Iron, Zinc, Copper
-Bone Health-Calcium, Phosphorus, Magnesium, Fluoride.
-Energy-Iodine, Chromium, Phosphorus, Sulfur, Iron, Zinc
✔✔16 - ✔✔____ essential minerals found in body fluids and serve structural purposes
(building and maintaining bones, teeth, and central nervous system).
✔✔Minerals - ✔✔-Found in fruits, vegetables, dairy, meats and legumes.
-Lost in processed or refined foods.
✔✔Pellagra - ✔✔_____ - 3 Ds (Dermatitis, Dementia, Diarrhea) --°Niacin deficiency
✔✔Beriberi - ✔✔deficiency in Thiamin B1
✔✔Birth defects - ✔✔folate deficiency
✔✔water - ✔✔___ is in part of every tissue in the body.
-Functions as the fluid in which substances can be broken down and reformed for use
by the body.
-fortified with vitamins, minerals and herbs are not the best value and are not
necessary.
WITH ANSWERS GRADED A+
✔✔excess protein in diet will be either stored as body fat or excreted through kidneys
causing excessive work on the kidneys - ✔✔what is a secondary source of energy ?
✔✔plant sources-grains, legumes (beans, peas, and lentils), seeds, nuts, and some
vegetables
-cereal, grains, broccoli, potatoes, green peas, leafy green veggies - ✔✔what are
incomplete proteins?
✔✔PB sandwich
Tacos with refried beans
Rice and beans
Split pea soup with croutons
Falafel (chickpea Balls) on pita bread
Lentil soup with rye bread
Baked beans with bread - ✔✔Grains + Legumes = Complete Protein
✔✔marasmus-Kwashiorkor - ✔✔protein energy malnutrition?
✔✔Albumin and Total protein - ✔✔lab values for incomplete proteins?
✔✔9 - ✔✔Lipids (fats) are ____ per gram
✔✔Lipids - ✔✔Densest form of energy available
Divided in 3 categories
1. Triglycerides -
°Saturated-have all H bonds
°Monounsaturated Missing one H bonds
°Polyunsaturated-Missing two H bonds
2. Phospholipids- also produced in the body
°lecithin
3. Sterols
°cholesterol
✔✔1. Role in production of hormones.
2. Provides padding to protect body organs
3. Essential fatty acids and the fat-soluble vitamins A, D, E, and K, are found in food
lipids. - ✔✔Function of Lipids?
✔✔coronary artery disease - ✔✔Elevations of blood lipids whether formed by our
bodies or consumed in dietary sources, are associated with ______ and certain forms of
Cancer.
, ✔✔13 - ✔✔How many vitamins are needed by the body?
✔✔Vitamins - ✔✔They provide no energy but assist in releasing energy from carbs,
lipids and proteins.
✔✔B Vitamins (thiamin, niacin, riboflavin, folate, b12, b6, biotin)
Vitamin C - ✔✔What are water soluble vitamins?
✔✔Vitamin A, D, E, and K - ✔✔What are fat soluble vitamins?
✔✔Vitamin D - ✔✔____is the only vitamin created by our bodies and it requires "sun
light" or similar to activate production.
✔✔Vitamins - ✔✔-Vital to life
-Blood Health-B12, Folate, B6, Vit K
-Bone Health- Vit D, Vit K, Vit A
-Energy-B1, B2, B3, B6, Folate, B12, Pantothenic, Biotin
✔✔Minerals - ✔✔-Sodium-Electrolyte/fluid regulation
-Potassium-electrolyte/fluid regulation, muscle function
-Chloride-and Phosphorus- Acid base balance
-Blood Health-Iron, Zinc, Copper
-Bone Health-Calcium, Phosphorus, Magnesium, Fluoride.
-Energy-Iodine, Chromium, Phosphorus, Sulfur, Iron, Zinc
✔✔16 - ✔✔____ essential minerals found in body fluids and serve structural purposes
(building and maintaining bones, teeth, and central nervous system).
✔✔Minerals - ✔✔-Found in fruits, vegetables, dairy, meats and legumes.
-Lost in processed or refined foods.
✔✔Pellagra - ✔✔_____ - 3 Ds (Dermatitis, Dementia, Diarrhea) --°Niacin deficiency
✔✔Beriberi - ✔✔deficiency in Thiamin B1
✔✔Birth defects - ✔✔folate deficiency
✔✔water - ✔✔___ is in part of every tissue in the body.
-Functions as the fluid in which substances can be broken down and reformed for use
by the body.
-fortified with vitamins, minerals and herbs are not the best value and are not
necessary.
