NURSING HESI - FUNDAMENTALS PRACTICE
QUESTIONS AND CORRECT ANSWERS
UPDATED 2025 – 2026
When,turning,an,immobile,bedridden,client,without,assistance,,which,action,by,the,nurse,best,ensure
s,client,safety?
A.,Securely,grasp,the,client's,arm,and,leg.
B.,Put,bed,rails,up,on,the,side,of,bed,opposite,from,the,nurse.
C.,Correctly,position,and,use,a,turn,sheet.
D.,Lower,the,head,of,the,client's,bed,slowly.,,,ANS,-B
Rationale:,Because,the,nurse,can,only,stand,on,one,side,of,the,bed,,bed,rails,should,be,up,on,the,opp
osite,side,to,ensure,that,the,client,does,not,fall,out,of,bed.,Option,A,can,cause,client,injury,to,the,skin
,,or,joint.,Options,C,and,D,are,useful,techniques,while,turning,a,client,but,have,less,priority,in,terms,of,
safety,than,use,of,the,bed,rails.
The,nurse,identifies,a,potential,for,infection,in,a,client,with,partial-thickness,(second-degree),and,full-
thickness,(third-
degree),burns.,What,intervention,has,the,highest,priority,in,decreasing,the,client's,risk,of,infection?
A.,Administration,of,plasma,expanders
B.,Use,of,careful,handwashing,technique
C.,Application,of,a,topical,antibacterial,cream
D.,Limiting,visitors,to,the,client,with,burns,,
,ANS,-B
Rationale:,Careful,handwashing,technique,is,the,single,most,effective,intervention,for,the,prevention,o
f,contamination,to,all,clients.,Option,A,reverses,the,hypovolemia,that,initially,accompanies,burn,traum
a,but,is,not,related,to,decreasing,the,proliferation,of,infective,organisms.,Options,C,and,D,are,recomm
ended,by,various,burn,centers,as,possible,ways,to,reduce,the,chance,of,infection.,Option,B,is,a,proven
,technique,to,prevent,infection.
The,nurse,is,aware,that,malnutrition,is,a,common,problem,among,clients,served,by,a,community,healt
h,clinic,for,the,homeless.,Which,laboratory,value,is,the,most,reliable,indicator,of,chronic,protein,maln
utrition?
A.,Low,serum,albumin,level
B.,Low,serum,transferrin,level
C.,High,hemoglobin,level
D.,High,cholesterol,level,,,
ANS,-A
Rationale:,Long-
term,protein,deficiency,is,required,to,cause,significantly,lowered,serum,albumin,levels.,Albumin,is,ma
de,by,the,liver,only,when,adequate,amounts,of,amino,acids,(from,protein,breakdown),are,available.,Al
bumin,has,a,long,half-
life,,so,acute,protein,loss,does,not,significantly,alter,serum,levels.,Option,B,is,a,serum,protein,with,a,h
alf-
life,of,only,8,to,10,days,,so,it,will,drop,with,an,acute,protein,deficiency.,Options,C,and,D,are,not,clinic
al,measures,of,protein,malnutrition.
,In,completing,a,client's,preoperative,routine,,the,nurse,finds,that,the,operative,permit,is,not,signed.,T
he,client,begins,to,ask,more,questions,about,the,surgical,procedure.,Which,action,should,the,nurse,ta
ke,next?
A.,Witness,the,client's,signature,to,the,permit.
B.,Answer,the,client's,questions,about,the,surgery.
C.,Inform,the,surgeon,that,the,operative,permit,is,not,signed,and,the,client,has,questions,about,the,su
rgery.
D.,Reassure,the,client,that,the,surgeon,will,answer,any,questions,before,the,anesthesia,is,administere
d.,,
,ANS,-C
Rationale:,The,surgeon,should,be,informed,immediately,that,the,permit,is,not,signed.,It,is,the,surgeon
's,responsibility,to,explain,the,procedure,to,the,client,and,obtain,the,client's,signature,on,the,permit.,
Although,the,nurse,can,witness,an,operative,permit,,the,procedure,must,first,be,explained,by,the,heal
th,care,provider,or,surgeon,,including,answering,the,client's,questions.,The,client's,questions,should,b
e,addressed,before,the,permit,is,signed.
The,nurse,is,assessing,several,clients,prior,to,surgery.,Which,factor,in,a,client's,history,poses,the,great
est,threat,for,complications,to,occur,during,surgery?
A.,Taking,birth,control,pills,for,the,past,2,years
B.,Taking,anticoagulants,for,the,past,year
C.,Recently,completing,antibiotic,therapy
D.,Having,taken,laxatives,PRN,for,the,last,6,months
,,,ANS,-B
Rationale:
Anticoagulants,increase,the,risk,for,bleeding,during,surgery,,which,can,pose,a,threat,for,the,developm
ent,of,surgical,complications.,The,health,care,provider,should,be,informed,that,the,client,is,taking,thes
e,drugs.,Although,clients,who,take,birth,control,pills,may,be,more,susceptible,to,the,development,of,t
hrombi,,such,problems,usually,occur,postoperatively.,A,client,with,option,C,or,D,is,at,less,of,a,surgical,
risk,than,with,option,B.
When,assisting,a,client,from,the,bed,to,a,chair,,which,procedure,is,best,for,the,nurse,to,follow?
, A.,Place,the,chair,parallel,to,the,bed,,with,its,back,toward,the,head,of,the,bed,and,assist,the,client,in,
moving,to,the,chair.
B.,With,the,nurse's,feet,spread,apart,and,knees,aligned,with,the,client's,knees,,stand,and,pivot,the,cli
ent,into,the,chair.
C.,Assist,the,client,to,a,standing,position,by,gently,lifting,upward,,underneath,the,axillae.
D.,Stand,beside,the,client,,place,the,client's,arms,around,the,nurse's,neck,,and,gently,move,the,client,
to,the,chair.,,,
ANS,-B
Rationale:,Option,B,describes,the,correct,positioning,of,the,nurse,and,affords,the,nurse,a,wide,base,of
,support,while,stabilizing,the,client's,knees,when,assisting,to,a,standing,position.,The,chair,should,be,p
laced,at,a,45-
degree,angle,to,the,bed,,with,the,back,of,the,chair,toward,the,head,of,the,bed.,Clients,should,never,b
e,lifted,under,the,axillae;,this,could,damage,nerves,and,strain,the,nurse's,back.,The,client,should,be,in
structed,to,use,the,arms,of,the,chair,and,should,never,place,his,or,her,arms,around,the,nurse's,neck;,t
his,places,undue,stress,on,the,nurse's,neck,and,back,and,increases,the,risk,for,a,fall.
Which,step(s),should,the,nurse,take,when,administering,ear,drops,to,an,adult,client?,(Select,all,that,a
pply.)
A.,Place,the,client,in,a,side-lying,position.
B.,Pull,the,auricle,upward,and,outward.
C.,Hold,the,dropper,6,cm,above,the,ear,canal.
D.,Place,a,cotton,ball,into,the,inner,canal.
E.,Pull,the,auricle,down,and,back.,,,
ANS,-A,,B
Rationale:,The,correct,answers,(A,and,B),are,the,appropriate,administration,of,ear,drops.,The,dropper,
should,be,held,1,cm,(½,inch),above,the,ear,canal,(C).,A,cotton,ball,should,be,placed,in,the,outermost,
canal,(D).,The,auricle,is,pulled,down,and,back,for,a,child,younger,than,3,years,of,age,,but,not,an,adult
,(E).
The,nurse,is,instructing,a,client,in,the,proper,use,of,a,metered-
dose,inhaler.,Which,instruction,should,the,nurse,provide,the,client,to,ensure,the,optimal,benefits,fro
m,the,drug?
QUESTIONS AND CORRECT ANSWERS
UPDATED 2025 – 2026
When,turning,an,immobile,bedridden,client,without,assistance,,which,action,by,the,nurse,best,ensure
s,client,safety?
A.,Securely,grasp,the,client's,arm,and,leg.
B.,Put,bed,rails,up,on,the,side,of,bed,opposite,from,the,nurse.
C.,Correctly,position,and,use,a,turn,sheet.
D.,Lower,the,head,of,the,client's,bed,slowly.,,,ANS,-B
Rationale:,Because,the,nurse,can,only,stand,on,one,side,of,the,bed,,bed,rails,should,be,up,on,the,opp
osite,side,to,ensure,that,the,client,does,not,fall,out,of,bed.,Option,A,can,cause,client,injury,to,the,skin
,,or,joint.,Options,C,and,D,are,useful,techniques,while,turning,a,client,but,have,less,priority,in,terms,of,
safety,than,use,of,the,bed,rails.
The,nurse,identifies,a,potential,for,infection,in,a,client,with,partial-thickness,(second-degree),and,full-
thickness,(third-
degree),burns.,What,intervention,has,the,highest,priority,in,decreasing,the,client's,risk,of,infection?
A.,Administration,of,plasma,expanders
B.,Use,of,careful,handwashing,technique
C.,Application,of,a,topical,antibacterial,cream
D.,Limiting,visitors,to,the,client,with,burns,,
,ANS,-B
Rationale:,Careful,handwashing,technique,is,the,single,most,effective,intervention,for,the,prevention,o
f,contamination,to,all,clients.,Option,A,reverses,the,hypovolemia,that,initially,accompanies,burn,traum
a,but,is,not,related,to,decreasing,the,proliferation,of,infective,organisms.,Options,C,and,D,are,recomm
ended,by,various,burn,centers,as,possible,ways,to,reduce,the,chance,of,infection.,Option,B,is,a,proven
,technique,to,prevent,infection.
The,nurse,is,aware,that,malnutrition,is,a,common,problem,among,clients,served,by,a,community,healt
h,clinic,for,the,homeless.,Which,laboratory,value,is,the,most,reliable,indicator,of,chronic,protein,maln
utrition?
A.,Low,serum,albumin,level
B.,Low,serum,transferrin,level
C.,High,hemoglobin,level
D.,High,cholesterol,level,,,
ANS,-A
Rationale:,Long-
term,protein,deficiency,is,required,to,cause,significantly,lowered,serum,albumin,levels.,Albumin,is,ma
de,by,the,liver,only,when,adequate,amounts,of,amino,acids,(from,protein,breakdown),are,available.,Al
bumin,has,a,long,half-
life,,so,acute,protein,loss,does,not,significantly,alter,serum,levels.,Option,B,is,a,serum,protein,with,a,h
alf-
life,of,only,8,to,10,days,,so,it,will,drop,with,an,acute,protein,deficiency.,Options,C,and,D,are,not,clinic
al,measures,of,protein,malnutrition.
,In,completing,a,client's,preoperative,routine,,the,nurse,finds,that,the,operative,permit,is,not,signed.,T
he,client,begins,to,ask,more,questions,about,the,surgical,procedure.,Which,action,should,the,nurse,ta
ke,next?
A.,Witness,the,client's,signature,to,the,permit.
B.,Answer,the,client's,questions,about,the,surgery.
C.,Inform,the,surgeon,that,the,operative,permit,is,not,signed,and,the,client,has,questions,about,the,su
rgery.
D.,Reassure,the,client,that,the,surgeon,will,answer,any,questions,before,the,anesthesia,is,administere
d.,,
,ANS,-C
Rationale:,The,surgeon,should,be,informed,immediately,that,the,permit,is,not,signed.,It,is,the,surgeon
's,responsibility,to,explain,the,procedure,to,the,client,and,obtain,the,client's,signature,on,the,permit.,
Although,the,nurse,can,witness,an,operative,permit,,the,procedure,must,first,be,explained,by,the,heal
th,care,provider,or,surgeon,,including,answering,the,client's,questions.,The,client's,questions,should,b
e,addressed,before,the,permit,is,signed.
The,nurse,is,assessing,several,clients,prior,to,surgery.,Which,factor,in,a,client's,history,poses,the,great
est,threat,for,complications,to,occur,during,surgery?
A.,Taking,birth,control,pills,for,the,past,2,years
B.,Taking,anticoagulants,for,the,past,year
C.,Recently,completing,antibiotic,therapy
D.,Having,taken,laxatives,PRN,for,the,last,6,months
,,,ANS,-B
Rationale:
Anticoagulants,increase,the,risk,for,bleeding,during,surgery,,which,can,pose,a,threat,for,the,developm
ent,of,surgical,complications.,The,health,care,provider,should,be,informed,that,the,client,is,taking,thes
e,drugs.,Although,clients,who,take,birth,control,pills,may,be,more,susceptible,to,the,development,of,t
hrombi,,such,problems,usually,occur,postoperatively.,A,client,with,option,C,or,D,is,at,less,of,a,surgical,
risk,than,with,option,B.
When,assisting,a,client,from,the,bed,to,a,chair,,which,procedure,is,best,for,the,nurse,to,follow?
, A.,Place,the,chair,parallel,to,the,bed,,with,its,back,toward,the,head,of,the,bed,and,assist,the,client,in,
moving,to,the,chair.
B.,With,the,nurse's,feet,spread,apart,and,knees,aligned,with,the,client's,knees,,stand,and,pivot,the,cli
ent,into,the,chair.
C.,Assist,the,client,to,a,standing,position,by,gently,lifting,upward,,underneath,the,axillae.
D.,Stand,beside,the,client,,place,the,client's,arms,around,the,nurse's,neck,,and,gently,move,the,client,
to,the,chair.,,,
ANS,-B
Rationale:,Option,B,describes,the,correct,positioning,of,the,nurse,and,affords,the,nurse,a,wide,base,of
,support,while,stabilizing,the,client's,knees,when,assisting,to,a,standing,position.,The,chair,should,be,p
laced,at,a,45-
degree,angle,to,the,bed,,with,the,back,of,the,chair,toward,the,head,of,the,bed.,Clients,should,never,b
e,lifted,under,the,axillae;,this,could,damage,nerves,and,strain,the,nurse's,back.,The,client,should,be,in
structed,to,use,the,arms,of,the,chair,and,should,never,place,his,or,her,arms,around,the,nurse's,neck;,t
his,places,undue,stress,on,the,nurse's,neck,and,back,and,increases,the,risk,for,a,fall.
Which,step(s),should,the,nurse,take,when,administering,ear,drops,to,an,adult,client?,(Select,all,that,a
pply.)
A.,Place,the,client,in,a,side-lying,position.
B.,Pull,the,auricle,upward,and,outward.
C.,Hold,the,dropper,6,cm,above,the,ear,canal.
D.,Place,a,cotton,ball,into,the,inner,canal.
E.,Pull,the,auricle,down,and,back.,,,
ANS,-A,,B
Rationale:,The,correct,answers,(A,and,B),are,the,appropriate,administration,of,ear,drops.,The,dropper,
should,be,held,1,cm,(½,inch),above,the,ear,canal,(C).,A,cotton,ball,should,be,placed,in,the,outermost,
canal,(D).,The,auricle,is,pulled,down,and,back,for,a,child,younger,than,3,years,of,age,,but,not,an,adult
,(E).
The,nurse,is,instructing,a,client,in,the,proper,use,of,a,metered-
dose,inhaler.,Which,instruction,should,the,nurse,provide,the,client,to,ensure,the,optimal,benefits,fro
m,the,drug?
