GNRS 515 Patho Exam 2025 1
Questions and Answers 100% Pass
Cellular Adaptation - ✔✔1.Atrophy: decrease in cell size
2.Hypertrophy: increase in cell size
3.Hyperplasia: increase in cell number
4. Metaplasia: reversible replacement of one mature cell type by another less mature cell
type
5.Dysplasia (atypical hyperplasia): deranged cellular growth (size, shape, and
organization)
Metaplasia - ✔✔Reversible replacement of one cell by another cell type
Bronchial metaplasia: (in smokers)
- normal columnar ciliated epithelial cells, are replaced by stratified squamous epithelial
cells (no mucus secretion, no cilia)
COPYRIGHT © 2025 BY SOPHIA BENNETT, ALL RIGHTS RESERVED 1
,- Can be reversed
- Can be transformed into cancer
Barrett esophagus:
- normal squamous epithelial lining of the esophagus, is replaced by columnar
epithelium (goblet cells of the intestines)
- occurs as an adaptation to the chronic irritation of GERD
- predisposes to esophageal adenocarcinoma
Non-dividing cells, such as myocardial fibers, are capable of hypertrophy, but not
hyperplasia
A.True
B.False - ✔✔A.True
Dysplasia is a common type of normal cellular adaptation
A.True
B.False - ✔✔B.False
Hypertrophy and hyperplasia rarely occur together.
A.True
B.False - ✔✔B.False
COPYRIGHT © 2025 BY SOPHIA BENNETT, ALL RIGHTS RESERVED 2
,A man with a history of smoking has a bronchial biopsy showing that the normal
columnar ciliated epithelial cells have been replaced by stratified squamous epithelial
cells. The man is correctly told that this process could be reversed if he quits smoking
A.True
B.False - ✔✔A.True
Dysplastic changes may be reversible, but more commonly become malignant.
A.True
B.False - ✔✔A.True
Which type of cell adaptation occurs when normal columnar ciliated epithelial cells of
the bronchial lining have been replaced by stratified squamous epithelial cells?
A.Hyperplasia
B.Metaplasia
C.Dysplasia
D.Anaplasia - ✔✔B.Metaplasia
The mammary glands enlarge during pregnancy primarily as a consequence of:
A.compensatory hyperplasia
B.hormonal hyperplasia
COPYRIGHT © 2025 BY SOPHIA BENNETT, ALL RIGHTS RESERVED 3
, C.hormonal anaplasia
D.hormonal dysplasia - ✔✔B.hormonal hyperplasia
When the heart's workload increases, what changes occur to the myocardial cells?
A.They divide
B.They increase in size
C.They increase in number
D.They undergo metaplasia - ✔✔B.They increase in size
After ovulation, the uterine endometrial cells divide under the influence of estrogen;
this is an example of hormonal:
A.hyperplasia.
B.dysplasia.
C.Hypertrophy
D.Anaplasia - ✔✔A.hyperplasia.
The abnormal proliferation of cells in response to excessive hormonal stimulation is
called:
A.dysplasia.
B.pathologic dysplasia
C.Hyperplasia
COPYRIGHT © 2025 BY SOPHIA BENNETT, ALL RIGHTS RESERVED 4
Questions and Answers 100% Pass
Cellular Adaptation - ✔✔1.Atrophy: decrease in cell size
2.Hypertrophy: increase in cell size
3.Hyperplasia: increase in cell number
4. Metaplasia: reversible replacement of one mature cell type by another less mature cell
type
5.Dysplasia (atypical hyperplasia): deranged cellular growth (size, shape, and
organization)
Metaplasia - ✔✔Reversible replacement of one cell by another cell type
Bronchial metaplasia: (in smokers)
- normal columnar ciliated epithelial cells, are replaced by stratified squamous epithelial
cells (no mucus secretion, no cilia)
COPYRIGHT © 2025 BY SOPHIA BENNETT, ALL RIGHTS RESERVED 1
,- Can be reversed
- Can be transformed into cancer
Barrett esophagus:
- normal squamous epithelial lining of the esophagus, is replaced by columnar
epithelium (goblet cells of the intestines)
- occurs as an adaptation to the chronic irritation of GERD
- predisposes to esophageal adenocarcinoma
Non-dividing cells, such as myocardial fibers, are capable of hypertrophy, but not
hyperplasia
A.True
B.False - ✔✔A.True
Dysplasia is a common type of normal cellular adaptation
A.True
B.False - ✔✔B.False
Hypertrophy and hyperplasia rarely occur together.
A.True
B.False - ✔✔B.False
COPYRIGHT © 2025 BY SOPHIA BENNETT, ALL RIGHTS RESERVED 2
,A man with a history of smoking has a bronchial biopsy showing that the normal
columnar ciliated epithelial cells have been replaced by stratified squamous epithelial
cells. The man is correctly told that this process could be reversed if he quits smoking
A.True
B.False - ✔✔A.True
Dysplastic changes may be reversible, but more commonly become malignant.
A.True
B.False - ✔✔A.True
Which type of cell adaptation occurs when normal columnar ciliated epithelial cells of
the bronchial lining have been replaced by stratified squamous epithelial cells?
A.Hyperplasia
B.Metaplasia
C.Dysplasia
D.Anaplasia - ✔✔B.Metaplasia
The mammary glands enlarge during pregnancy primarily as a consequence of:
A.compensatory hyperplasia
B.hormonal hyperplasia
COPYRIGHT © 2025 BY SOPHIA BENNETT, ALL RIGHTS RESERVED 3
, C.hormonal anaplasia
D.hormonal dysplasia - ✔✔B.hormonal hyperplasia
When the heart's workload increases, what changes occur to the myocardial cells?
A.They divide
B.They increase in size
C.They increase in number
D.They undergo metaplasia - ✔✔B.They increase in size
After ovulation, the uterine endometrial cells divide under the influence of estrogen;
this is an example of hormonal:
A.hyperplasia.
B.dysplasia.
C.Hypertrophy
D.Anaplasia - ✔✔A.hyperplasia.
The abnormal proliferation of cells in response to excessive hormonal stimulation is
called:
A.dysplasia.
B.pathologic dysplasia
C.Hyperplasia
COPYRIGHT © 2025 BY SOPHIA BENNETT, ALL RIGHTS RESERVED 4
