GNRS 515 Patho Exam 3 2025 Questions and Answers 100% Pass

GNRS 515 Patho Exam 3 2025 Questions and Answers 100% Pass When a patient asks what the somatic nervous system controls, how should the nurse respond? It controls: 1.The heart 2.The spinal cord 3.Skeletal muscle 4.Smooth muscle organs - 3.Skeletal muscle The somatic nervous system consists of pathways that regulate voluntary motor control, the skeletal muscle system. A 19-year-old male college student reports to his primary care provider that he cannot stay awake in class regardless of how much sleep he gets. A drug that stimulates which of the following areas would best treat his problem? 1.Corpora quadrigemina 2.Reticular activating system 2COPYRIGHT © 2025 BY SOPHIA BENNETT, ALL RIGHTS RESERVED 3.Cerebellum 4.Hypothalamus - 2.Reticular activating system The reticular activating system is responsible for wakefulness. A 32-year-old female suffers from severe brain damage following a motor vehicle accident. After rehabilitation she notices that her thought processes and goal-oriented behavior are impaired. Which area does the nurse suspect is damaged? 1.Thalamus 2.Limbic 3.Prefrontal 4.Occipital - 3.Prefrontal The prefrontal area is responsible for goal-oriented behavior (e.g., ability to concentrate), short-term or recall memory, the elaboration of thought, and inhibition on the limbic areas of the CNS. A neurologist is teaching about the region responsible for motor aspects of speech. Which area is the neurologist discussing? 1.Wernicke area 2.Broca area 3.Primary speech area 3COPYRIGHT © 2025 BY SOPHIA BENNETT, ALL RIGHTS RESERVED 4.Insula - 2.Broca area Broca's area is associated with speech production and articulation. Wernicke's area is a critical language area that connects to Broca's area via a neural pathway. Wernicke's area is primarily involved in comprehension. A 45-year-old male was previously diagnosed with Parkinson disease. He has impaired fine repetitive motor movements. Which of the following areas does the nurse suspect is most likely damaged? 1.Basal ganglia 2.Prefrontal area 3.Hippocampus 4.Temporal lobe - 1.Basal ganglia The basal ganglia system is believed to exert a stabilizing effect on motor movements. Parkinson disease and Huntington disease are conditions associated with defects of the basal ganglia. They are characterized by various involuntary or exaggerated motor movements. A neurologist is teaching about the location of the primary visual cortex in the brain. Which area is the neurologist discussing? 1.Frontal lobe 2.Temporal lobe 4COPYRIGHT © 2025 BY SOPHIA BENNETT, ALL RIGHTS RESERVED 3.Occipital lobe 4.Parietal lobe - 3.Occipital lobe The visual cortex is located in the occipital lobe. When a nurse is teaching about the transverse fiber tract that connects the two cerebral hemispheres, what term should the nurse use? 1.Peduncle 2.Corpus callosum 3.Basal ganglia 4.Pons - 2.Corpus callosum The corpus callosum connects the two cerebral hemispheres and is essential in coordinating activities between hemispheres. What term should the nurse use when talking about the outermost membrane surrounding the brain? 1.Dura mater 2.Arachnoid mater 3.Pia mater 4.Falx cerebri - 1.Dura mater 5COPYRIGHT © 2025 BY SOPHIA BENNETT, ALL RIGHTS RESERVED The dura mater is the outer layer of the brain. The _____ ensures collateral blood flow from blood vessels supplying the brain. 1.Carotid arteries 2.Basal artery 3.Circle of Willis 4.Vertebral arteries - 3.Circle of Willis The circle of Willis ensures collateral blood circulation in the brain. When a student asks which type of nerves transmit nerve impulses at the fastest rate, what is the best response by the nurse? 1.Large, non-myelinated 2.Small, myelinated 3.Large, myelinated 4.Small, non-myelinated - 3.Large, myelinated Large and myelinated nerves transmit impulses at the fastest rate. The nurse is assessing the patient with a pen light. The integrity of which cranial nerve is being evaluated? 6COPYRIGHT © 2025 BY SOPHIA BENNETT, ALL RIGHTS RESERVED 1.Olfactory 2.Vagus 3.Oculomotor 4.Trigeminal - 3.Oculomotor In evaluating the oculomotor nerve, the pupils are examined for size, shape, and equality; pupillary reflex tested with a pen light (pupils should constrict when illuminated); and ability to follow moving objects. Olfactory is assessed using smells. Vagus is assessed using the ophthalmoscope. The trigeminal is assessed with a safety pin and hot and cold objects for sensations of pain, touch, and temperature. A neurologists explains that arousal is mediated by the: 1.Cerebral cortex 2.Medulla oblongata 3.Reticular activating system 4.Cingulate gyrus - 3.Reticular activating system Arousal is mediated by the reticular activating system, which regulates aspects of attention and information processing and maintains consciousness. 7COPYRIGHT © 2025 BY SOPHIA BENNETT, ALL RIGHTS RESERVED A 20-year-old male suffers a severe closed head injury in a motor vehicle accident. He remains in a vegetative state (VS) 1 month after the accident. Which of the following structures is maintaining him in a vegetative state? 1.Cerebral cortex 2.Brainstem 3.Spinal cord 4.Cerebellum - 2.Brainstem When a person loses cerebral function, the reticular activating system and brainstem can maintain a crude waking state known as a VS. Cognitive cerebral functions, however, cannot occur without a functioning reticular activating system. A 45-year-old female presents to the emergency room (ER) reporti