AP Computer Science Principles EXAM Questions
with Certified Solutions.
Terms in this set (160)
Overflow error that results when the number of bits is not enough to
hold the number, like a car's odometer
"rolling over"
error that results when the
number of bits is not
Round-offenough to represent the actual number, like 3 digits to
represent π as 3.14
Lossy Compressing data in a way that throws some data away and
makes it almost impossible to recover the original, great
compression, like JPEG images
Lossless Compressing data in a way that preserves all data away and
allows full recovery of the original, good compression --
usually not as good as lossy, like PNG images
Metadata data about data, like a camera storing the location, aperture,
shutter speed, etc. for a digital photo
Sequencing code flows line by line, one after another, like a recipe
Selection a boolean condition to determine which of two algorithmic
paths are taken, aka if-then
Iteration using a looping control structure, like while, for, foreach,
repeat, repeat-until, etc.
Reasonable Time polynomial in the number of steps an algorithm takes in the
worst case based on the input size
Usually exponential in the number of steps, like doubling
Not reasonable time
every time your input grows by one
,Heuristic using a "rule" to guide an algorithm, like always walking
toward the north star if you were stuck in a forest
Undecidable A problem that is so difficult, we can't ever create an
algorithm that would be able to answer yes or no for all
inputs, like determining if a user's program run on some
input would always stop and not run forever
Linear Search Going one by one vs starting in the middle and going left/right
like looking for a word in the dictionary
Binary Search requires the list to be sorted in order and then cutting the list
in half
APIs Application Programming Interface
Citizen Science Lots of people to help with a scientific project, like asking
everyone around the world to count the butterflies they see
one day
Cloud Computing Using distributed calculations and/or storage for big data or a
web application
Crowdsourcing Asking lots of users online to help with something, like
funding a project, or running SETI@Home to help look for
extraterrestrial signals
Creative Commons An alternative to copyright that allows people to declare
how they want their artistic creations to be shared, remixed,
used in noncommercial contexts, and how the policy should
propagate with remixed versions
Open Access A policy that allows people to have read access to things, e.g.,
libraries or online data
Moore's Law The # of transistors on a chip doubles every two years
, A system where one user's computer connects through the
Internet to another user's computer without going through
Peer-to-peer Networks
an intermediary "centralized" computer to manage the
connection
Digital Divide The idea that some communities / populations have less
access to computing than others
ISP Internet Service Provider
How does internet Speech on the Internet goes from the source to an ISP, into
communication arrive at the cloud, out of the cloud to another ISP, and to its
its destination? destination
How can the government 1) It can try to control the speaker or the speaker's ISP, by
control speech on the criminalizing certain kinds of speech. But that won't work if the
Internet?
speaker isn't in the same country as the listener.
2)It can try to control the listener, by prohibiting possession of
certain kinds of materials. In the U.S., possession of copyrighted
software without an appropriate license is illegal, as is possession
of other copyrighted material with the intent to profit from
redistributing it.
3) The government can try to control the intermediaries.
How can Internet posters The posters could evade responsibility as long as they remained
evaded being convicted for anonymous, as they easily could on the Internet.
defamation/slander on the
Web?
What has Congress given ISPs Congress had given the ISPs a complete waiver of
relating to an Internet responsibility for the consequences of false and damag- ing
Defamation case? statements, even when the ISP knew they were false.
with Certified Solutions.
Terms in this set (160)
Overflow error that results when the number of bits is not enough to
hold the number, like a car's odometer
"rolling over"
error that results when the
number of bits is not
Round-offenough to represent the actual number, like 3 digits to
represent π as 3.14
Lossy Compressing data in a way that throws some data away and
makes it almost impossible to recover the original, great
compression, like JPEG images
Lossless Compressing data in a way that preserves all data away and
allows full recovery of the original, good compression --
usually not as good as lossy, like PNG images
Metadata data about data, like a camera storing the location, aperture,
shutter speed, etc. for a digital photo
Sequencing code flows line by line, one after another, like a recipe
Selection a boolean condition to determine which of two algorithmic
paths are taken, aka if-then
Iteration using a looping control structure, like while, for, foreach,
repeat, repeat-until, etc.
Reasonable Time polynomial in the number of steps an algorithm takes in the
worst case based on the input size
Usually exponential in the number of steps, like doubling
Not reasonable time
every time your input grows by one
,Heuristic using a "rule" to guide an algorithm, like always walking
toward the north star if you were stuck in a forest
Undecidable A problem that is so difficult, we can't ever create an
algorithm that would be able to answer yes or no for all
inputs, like determining if a user's program run on some
input would always stop and not run forever
Linear Search Going one by one vs starting in the middle and going left/right
like looking for a word in the dictionary
Binary Search requires the list to be sorted in order and then cutting the list
in half
APIs Application Programming Interface
Citizen Science Lots of people to help with a scientific project, like asking
everyone around the world to count the butterflies they see
one day
Cloud Computing Using distributed calculations and/or storage for big data or a
web application
Crowdsourcing Asking lots of users online to help with something, like
funding a project, or running SETI@Home to help look for
extraterrestrial signals
Creative Commons An alternative to copyright that allows people to declare
how they want their artistic creations to be shared, remixed,
used in noncommercial contexts, and how the policy should
propagate with remixed versions
Open Access A policy that allows people to have read access to things, e.g.,
libraries or online data
Moore's Law The # of transistors on a chip doubles every two years
, A system where one user's computer connects through the
Internet to another user's computer without going through
Peer-to-peer Networks
an intermediary "centralized" computer to manage the
connection
Digital Divide The idea that some communities / populations have less
access to computing than others
ISP Internet Service Provider
How does internet Speech on the Internet goes from the source to an ISP, into
communication arrive at the cloud, out of the cloud to another ISP, and to its
its destination? destination
How can the government 1) It can try to control the speaker or the speaker's ISP, by
control speech on the criminalizing certain kinds of speech. But that won't work if the
Internet?
speaker isn't in the same country as the listener.
2)It can try to control the listener, by prohibiting possession of
certain kinds of materials. In the U.S., possession of copyrighted
software without an appropriate license is illegal, as is possession
of other copyrighted material with the intent to profit from
redistributing it.
3) The government can try to control the intermediaries.
How can Internet posters The posters could evade responsibility as long as they remained
evaded being convicted for anonymous, as they easily could on the Internet.
defamation/slander on the
Web?
What has Congress given ISPs Congress had given the ISPs a complete waiver of
relating to an Internet responsibility for the consequences of false and damag- ing
Defamation case? statements, even when the ISP knew they were false.
