BIO 351 FINAL EXAM
BIO 351 FINAL EXAM QUESTIONS AND
ANSWERS
Which of the following adult structures is derived from somites? - tendons,
vertebrae
Cells that become the _________ undergo a ____________ to __________
transition first. Fill in the blanks. - Sclerotome, epithelial, mesenchymal
The endocardial cushion cells have important roles in heart formation. Defects in
the endocardial cushions have been associated with which of the following? -
septation defects
Spondylocostal dysostosis and congenital scoliosis are examples of disruption of
which of the following genetic pathways? - Notch
Somitogenesis is a developmental process that involves multiple steps regulated by
specific gene interactions. Which of the following correctly matches the
gene/factor and its action during somitogenesis? - FGF8/Wnt3a and retinoic acid,
location of the determination front
Which of the following tissues is derived from the paraxial mesoderm? -
dermomyotome, syndetome, sclerotome
Which of the following is the correct order of the neural tube defects from least to
most severe? - spina bifida occulta, myelomeningocele, anecephaly
BIO 351 FINAL EXAM
,BIO 351 FINAL EXAM
Situs inversus is a rare genetic condition where the normally asymmetric
localization of internal organs is inverted. A mutation in which of the following
genes is most likely linked to this condition? - Dnah11 - a cytoskeletal component
that regulates cilia motility
The long axis of the neural tube runs along which axis? - rostral-caudal
The neural tube is derived which of the following germ layers? - ectoderm
Dorsal-ventral specification of the neural tube is regulated by secretion of which of
the following? - BMP4/7 from the roof plate (dorsal) / Shh from the notochord
(ventral)
The developing human gastrula is patterned along the anterior-posterior axis by a
number of secreted cues. The anterior visceral endoderm migrates from the
_________ tip and secretes Wnt antagonists that direct appropriate patterning
along the ___________ axis. - distal, anterior-posterior
Which of the following structures is NOT derived from the epiblast in a human
embryo?
a. trophoblast
b. mesoderm
c. ectoderm
d. endoderm - trophoblast
Melanocytes are derived from which embryonic tissue? - neural crest
BIO 351 FINAL EXAM
,BIO 351 FINAL EXAM
Which cytoskeletal component is particularly enriched in the shaft of a growing
axon? - microtubules
Neural crest is formed when cells from the ___________ region of the neural tube
change shape from ___________ to ____________ morphology. - dorsal,
epithelial, mesenchymal
Which of the following disorders would results from embryonic exposure to
cyclopamine, an inhibitor of SHH signaling? - cyclopia
The segmental organization of peripheral nerves in the spinal cord depends heavily
upon _______. - Ephrin mediated repulsion of neural crest and axons from the
caudal somite
A lack of Schwann cells and the absence of major nerve clusters, such as the
sympathetic ganglia, most likely resulted from defects in which of the following
cell types? - neural crest
Which cytoskeletal component is found at particularly high concentrations
underneath the plasma membrane of an active growth cone. - actin
Nociceptive neurons mediate ____ and are dependent upon _____ during
development. - pain, NGF
Tbx5 is expressed in the developing limbs and heart. You want to examine the role
of Tbx5 in the development of the limb only. Which approach would you choose? -
BIO 351 FINAL EXAM
, BIO 351 FINAL EXAM
Cre/Lox using a limb specific promoter driving Cre expression and a floxed Tbx5
gene
Skeletal muscles that form the deep muscles of the back derive from
____________. - dorsal medial lip (DML)
Boniva (ibandronic acid) is a commonly marketed drug for osteoporosis to increase
bone mass. It acts by inhibiting the action of which of the following cells? -
osteoclasts
Osteogenesis imperfecta is a disease that results from a genetic mutation that
disrupts the formation of ____________ that is required for strength of bone. -
collagen I
In the embryo, the early skeletal muscle originates from the __________. In the
adult, skeletal muscle is repaired by fusion of ____________ with muscle fibers.
Fill in the blanks. - myotome, satellite cells
Which of the following correctly matches a cell type in bone and its function? -
osteoclast, bone resorption
Skeletal muscles of the jaw derive from ___________ while deep muscles of the
back derive from ____________. - Neural crest, DML of the dermamyotome
Which of the following cell types is formed from epiblast cells that migrate
through the primitive streak? - .mesoderm - the mesoderm forms from the epiblast
cells migrating through the primitive streak.
BIO 351 FINAL EXAM
BIO 351 FINAL EXAM QUESTIONS AND
ANSWERS
Which of the following adult structures is derived from somites? - tendons,
vertebrae
Cells that become the _________ undergo a ____________ to __________
transition first. Fill in the blanks. - Sclerotome, epithelial, mesenchymal
The endocardial cushion cells have important roles in heart formation. Defects in
the endocardial cushions have been associated with which of the following? -
septation defects
Spondylocostal dysostosis and congenital scoliosis are examples of disruption of
which of the following genetic pathways? - Notch
Somitogenesis is a developmental process that involves multiple steps regulated by
specific gene interactions. Which of the following correctly matches the
gene/factor and its action during somitogenesis? - FGF8/Wnt3a and retinoic acid,
location of the determination front
Which of the following tissues is derived from the paraxial mesoderm? -
dermomyotome, syndetome, sclerotome
Which of the following is the correct order of the neural tube defects from least to
most severe? - spina bifida occulta, myelomeningocele, anecephaly
BIO 351 FINAL EXAM
,BIO 351 FINAL EXAM
Situs inversus is a rare genetic condition where the normally asymmetric
localization of internal organs is inverted. A mutation in which of the following
genes is most likely linked to this condition? - Dnah11 - a cytoskeletal component
that regulates cilia motility
The long axis of the neural tube runs along which axis? - rostral-caudal
The neural tube is derived which of the following germ layers? - ectoderm
Dorsal-ventral specification of the neural tube is regulated by secretion of which of
the following? - BMP4/7 from the roof plate (dorsal) / Shh from the notochord
(ventral)
The developing human gastrula is patterned along the anterior-posterior axis by a
number of secreted cues. The anterior visceral endoderm migrates from the
_________ tip and secretes Wnt antagonists that direct appropriate patterning
along the ___________ axis. - distal, anterior-posterior
Which of the following structures is NOT derived from the epiblast in a human
embryo?
a. trophoblast
b. mesoderm
c. ectoderm
d. endoderm - trophoblast
Melanocytes are derived from which embryonic tissue? - neural crest
BIO 351 FINAL EXAM
,BIO 351 FINAL EXAM
Which cytoskeletal component is particularly enriched in the shaft of a growing
axon? - microtubules
Neural crest is formed when cells from the ___________ region of the neural tube
change shape from ___________ to ____________ morphology. - dorsal,
epithelial, mesenchymal
Which of the following disorders would results from embryonic exposure to
cyclopamine, an inhibitor of SHH signaling? - cyclopia
The segmental organization of peripheral nerves in the spinal cord depends heavily
upon _______. - Ephrin mediated repulsion of neural crest and axons from the
caudal somite
A lack of Schwann cells and the absence of major nerve clusters, such as the
sympathetic ganglia, most likely resulted from defects in which of the following
cell types? - neural crest
Which cytoskeletal component is found at particularly high concentrations
underneath the plasma membrane of an active growth cone. - actin
Nociceptive neurons mediate ____ and are dependent upon _____ during
development. - pain, NGF
Tbx5 is expressed in the developing limbs and heart. You want to examine the role
of Tbx5 in the development of the limb only. Which approach would you choose? -
BIO 351 FINAL EXAM
, BIO 351 FINAL EXAM
Cre/Lox using a limb specific promoter driving Cre expression and a floxed Tbx5
gene
Skeletal muscles that form the deep muscles of the back derive from
____________. - dorsal medial lip (DML)
Boniva (ibandronic acid) is a commonly marketed drug for osteoporosis to increase
bone mass. It acts by inhibiting the action of which of the following cells? -
osteoclasts
Osteogenesis imperfecta is a disease that results from a genetic mutation that
disrupts the formation of ____________ that is required for strength of bone. -
collagen I
In the embryo, the early skeletal muscle originates from the __________. In the
adult, skeletal muscle is repaired by fusion of ____________ with muscle fibers.
Fill in the blanks. - myotome, satellite cells
Which of the following correctly matches a cell type in bone and its function? -
osteoclast, bone resorption
Skeletal muscles of the jaw derive from ___________ while deep muscles of the
back derive from ____________. - Neural crest, DML of the dermamyotome
Which of the following cell types is formed from epiblast cells that migrate
through the primitive streak? - .mesoderm - the mesoderm forms from the epiblast
cells migrating through the primitive streak.
BIO 351 FINAL EXAM
