CCHT EXAMINATION MANUAL 2025 QUESTIONS WITH
SOLUTIONS GUARANTEE A+
✔✔How do you prevent TB in a dialysis clinic? - ✔✔Patients who have active TB cannot
dialyze in a hemodialysis clinic. 3 consecutive (-) sputum cultures before returning to the
clinic
✔✔What is VRE (Vancomycin-resistant enterococci)? - ✔✔Gram negative, round-
shaped bacteria that commonly live in the intestinal tract. Can cause infection anywhere
in the body, an resistant to several antibiotics.
✔✔What is MRSA (Methicillian-resistant Staphlyococcus Aureus) - ✔✔"Staph".
Normally found on the skin or in the nose. Harmless until they enter the body through a
cut or other wound
✔✔What precautions should you take when caring for MRSA/VRE? - ✔✔PPE, hand
sanitation before next task, dedicated gown should be worn. CVC dressings should be
disposed of in red BIO. DO NOT need isolation. Hands should be washed for 40-60
seconds.
✔✔What is C-Diff? - ✔✔Clostridium difficile, hand washing is required.
✔✔Why is hand hygiene important? - ✔✔Single most important infection control
measure to prevent the spread of infection.
✔✔What are the anatomical structures of the urinary system in order of urine flow? -
✔✔2 kidneys, 2 ureters, 1 bladder, and 1 urethra
✔✔What are the functions of a healthy kidney? - ✔✔Removal of waste products
(creatinine, urea, and uric acid). Regulate fluid, acid base, and electrolytes.
✔✔What is urea? - ✔✔By-product of protein metabolism
✔✔What is creatinine? - ✔✔By-product of muscle metabolism
✔✔Uric acid - ✔✔Naturally in the body, as a result of the metabolism of purine (muscle
protein) that enters the body through dietary intake.
✔✔What are the hormonal functions of the kidneys? - ✔✔Production of renin to help
regulate/control BP, production of erythropoietin (stimulates RBC production), and
regulation of calcium/phosphorus balance through the activation of Vit D.
✔✔What is the nephron? - ✔✔Functional unit of the kidney. Tubular structure, filters
blood to form urine.
, ✔✔What is the glomerulus? - ✔✔Network of capillaries that performs the first step of
filtering blood. Filters water and solutes into Bowman's capsule.
✔✔What are the hormones secreted by the kidney? - ✔✔Renin and Erythropoietin
✔✔Which of the functions of healthy kidneys can be replaced by dialysis? - ✔✔Removal
of waste products and regulation of fluid balance.
✔✔What is the function of renin? - ✔✔Hormone produced by the kidneys to regulate
blood pressure, and on sodium and potassium balance.
✔✔What is the function of erythropoietin? - ✔✔Stimulates the bone marrow to produce
RBC.
✔✔What is the synthetic form of Erythropoietin? - ✔✔Recombinant Epoetin Alfa
(Epogen)
✔✔Why must the kidneys activate Vit D? - ✔✔Helps to maintain good bone health by
helping absorb calcium from foods eaten.
✔✔What is the synthetic for of activated Vit D? - ✔✔Calcijex, Zemplar, and Hectorol
✔✔What is the difference between ARF and CRF? - ✔✔ARF is sudden in onset; often
reversible. CRF is slow, progressive and permanent.
✔✔What are 3 common causes of renal failure? - ✔✔1) Diabetes 2) Hypertension 3)
Glomerulonephritis
✔✔What are classic s/s of renal failure or uremia? - ✔✔Elevated serum levels of
BUN/creatinine, phosphorus, and potassium, anemia, fluid overload, lethargy,
weakness, edema, high b/p
✔✔Why are renal failure patients acidotic? - ✔✔Kidneys control acid/base balance of
the blood by excreting hydrogen atoms and producing a buffer (bicarbonate)
✔✔What causes renal osteodystrophy (bone disease) - ✔✔Kidneys can no longer
convert Vit D to its activated form.
✔✔What needs to be considered when administering medications to patients with renal
failure? - ✔✔Loss of renal function will decrease the elimination of medications and
potentially cause toxicity.
SOLUTIONS GUARANTEE A+
✔✔How do you prevent TB in a dialysis clinic? - ✔✔Patients who have active TB cannot
dialyze in a hemodialysis clinic. 3 consecutive (-) sputum cultures before returning to the
clinic
✔✔What is VRE (Vancomycin-resistant enterococci)? - ✔✔Gram negative, round-
shaped bacteria that commonly live in the intestinal tract. Can cause infection anywhere
in the body, an resistant to several antibiotics.
✔✔What is MRSA (Methicillian-resistant Staphlyococcus Aureus) - ✔✔"Staph".
Normally found on the skin or in the nose. Harmless until they enter the body through a
cut or other wound
✔✔What precautions should you take when caring for MRSA/VRE? - ✔✔PPE, hand
sanitation before next task, dedicated gown should be worn. CVC dressings should be
disposed of in red BIO. DO NOT need isolation. Hands should be washed for 40-60
seconds.
✔✔What is C-Diff? - ✔✔Clostridium difficile, hand washing is required.
✔✔Why is hand hygiene important? - ✔✔Single most important infection control
measure to prevent the spread of infection.
✔✔What are the anatomical structures of the urinary system in order of urine flow? -
✔✔2 kidneys, 2 ureters, 1 bladder, and 1 urethra
✔✔What are the functions of a healthy kidney? - ✔✔Removal of waste products
(creatinine, urea, and uric acid). Regulate fluid, acid base, and electrolytes.
✔✔What is urea? - ✔✔By-product of protein metabolism
✔✔What is creatinine? - ✔✔By-product of muscle metabolism
✔✔Uric acid - ✔✔Naturally in the body, as a result of the metabolism of purine (muscle
protein) that enters the body through dietary intake.
✔✔What are the hormonal functions of the kidneys? - ✔✔Production of renin to help
regulate/control BP, production of erythropoietin (stimulates RBC production), and
regulation of calcium/phosphorus balance through the activation of Vit D.
✔✔What is the nephron? - ✔✔Functional unit of the kidney. Tubular structure, filters
blood to form urine.
, ✔✔What is the glomerulus? - ✔✔Network of capillaries that performs the first step of
filtering blood. Filters water and solutes into Bowman's capsule.
✔✔What are the hormones secreted by the kidney? - ✔✔Renin and Erythropoietin
✔✔Which of the functions of healthy kidneys can be replaced by dialysis? - ✔✔Removal
of waste products and regulation of fluid balance.
✔✔What is the function of renin? - ✔✔Hormone produced by the kidneys to regulate
blood pressure, and on sodium and potassium balance.
✔✔What is the function of erythropoietin? - ✔✔Stimulates the bone marrow to produce
RBC.
✔✔What is the synthetic form of Erythropoietin? - ✔✔Recombinant Epoetin Alfa
(Epogen)
✔✔Why must the kidneys activate Vit D? - ✔✔Helps to maintain good bone health by
helping absorb calcium from foods eaten.
✔✔What is the synthetic for of activated Vit D? - ✔✔Calcijex, Zemplar, and Hectorol
✔✔What is the difference between ARF and CRF? - ✔✔ARF is sudden in onset; often
reversible. CRF is slow, progressive and permanent.
✔✔What are 3 common causes of renal failure? - ✔✔1) Diabetes 2) Hypertension 3)
Glomerulonephritis
✔✔What are classic s/s of renal failure or uremia? - ✔✔Elevated serum levels of
BUN/creatinine, phosphorus, and potassium, anemia, fluid overload, lethargy,
weakness, edema, high b/p
✔✔Why are renal failure patients acidotic? - ✔✔Kidneys control acid/base balance of
the blood by excreting hydrogen atoms and producing a buffer (bicarbonate)
✔✔What causes renal osteodystrophy (bone disease) - ✔✔Kidneys can no longer
convert Vit D to its activated form.
✔✔What needs to be considered when administering medications to patients with renal
failure? - ✔✔Loss of renal function will decrease the elimination of medications and
potentially cause toxicity.
