Connective tissues are mainly ECM
Originate from embryonic mesenchyme (middle layer of embryo…mesoderm)
Cells of connective tissue:
o Fibroblasts:
Most common
Produce and maintain most of the tissue’s EC components.
Synthesize and secrete collagen and elastin
Active fibroblast has more branched cytoplasm, large nucleus, and prominent
nucleolus.
Myofibroblasts have a contractile function and are enriched with a form of
actin.
o Adipocytes:
They are fat cells
Storage of lipids as neutral fats
o Macrophages and mononuclear phagocyte system:
Macrophages are derived from monocytes.
o Mast Cells:
Cytoplasm filled with basophilic secretory granules
Granules display metachromasia (change color of some dyes)
The secretory granules of such cells release:
Heparin: anticoagulant
Histamine: increase vascular permeability and smooth muscle
contraction
Serine proteases: activate carious mediators of inflammation
Eosinophil
Cytkokines: directs activities of leukocytes
Phospholipid
Originate from progenitor cells in bone marrow
Promotes allergic reactions (immediate hypersensitivity reactions)
o Plasma cells:
B-lymphocyte-derived antibody-producing cells
Basophilic cytoplasm dued to RER,
o Leukocytes:
Diapedesis: process by which they travel between endothelial cell lining to reach
connective tissue.
Increases during inflammation
Fibers:
o Collagen:
Resistant
Most abundant protein in human body
3 main functions:
Fibrillar collagens:
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