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Samenvatting Communicatiewetenschap
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  • Course
  • Communicatiewetenschappen
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  • Universiteit Gent (UGent)
  • Book
  • Communicatie & media

Samenvatting Communicatiewetenschap: het handboek Communicatie & Media en eigen notities van de les in 1. Ik ben zelf geslaagd met een 14/20 voor dit vak o.b.v. mijn samenvatting.

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  • Yes
  • September 23, 2020
  • 144
  • 2019/2020
  • Summary

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  • eerste bachelor
  • communicatiewetenschap
  • samenvattingen 1e bachelor communicatiewetenschappen ugent
  • ugent

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COMMUNICATIEWETENSCHAPPEN

Inhoud
HOOFDSTUK 1: Inleiding...................................................................................... 10

DEEL 1: Ontwikkeling & afbakening discipline en theoretische grondslagen.......11

HOOFDSTUK 2: Prolegomena............................................................................... 11

1 Com.wet.: academische discipline?..................................................................12

2 Com.wet.: jong veld, moeilijke afbakening.......................................................13

3 Rode draden..................................................................................................... 14

3.1 Kennismaking in vogelvlucht......................................................................14

3.2 Klemtoon op mediacommunicatie..............................................................14

3.3 Multidisciplinariteit..................................................................................... 15

3.4 Belang van historische & maatschappelijke context..................................15

3.5 Wetenschappelijke en kritische benadering...............................................15

4 Paradigmatische strijd & theoretische diversiteit comwet................................15

4.1 Het paradigmabegrip..................................................................................15

4.1.1 Paradigma & paradigmawissel.............................................................15

4.1.2 Paradigma’s in Soc. Wetenschappen:...................................................16

4.1.3 Paradigma’s in comwet........................................................................16

4.2 Communicatiewetenschappelijke theorievorming......................................17

4.2.2 Classificeren van theorievorming:........................................................19

5 Centrale thema’s in comwet:............................................................................ 19

5.1 Macht:......................................................................................................... 20

5.2 Sociale integratie & identiteit.....................................................................22

5.3 Sociale verandering & dubbele dimensie media........................................23

5.4 Ruimte & tijd.............................................................................................. 25

HOOFDSTUK 3: Bouwstenen................................................................................26

1 Het teken als basis voor betekenisvol communiceren......................................26

1.1 Semiotiek.................................................................................................... 26

, 1.2 Teken, tekensysteem & tekenindeling........................................................27

1.2.1 Tekensystemen.................................................................................... 28

1.2.2 Tekenindelingen................................................................................... 29

2 Elementen van het communicatieproces..........................................................30

2.1 Communicator............................................................................................ 30

Startpunt communicatie: de zender verzend een boodschap (= geheel van
data/feiten & informatie over een bepaald onderwerp)....................................30

Bron= als boodschap niet verzonden wordt, maar wel informatie geeft..........30

Kan groep of individu zijn (interpersoonlijke communicatie –
massacommunicatie)........................................................................................ 30

Feedback= manier waarop de ontvanger van de boodschap reageert, gebeurt
vaak onbewust a.d.h.v. non-verbale communicatie (bv. Gezichtsuitdrukking). 30

Als communicator selecteert men wat men zal mededelen, zaken worden
weggelaten/uitvergroot/beklemtoond...............................................................30

Copresence: aanwezigheid van de zender bij de boodschapoverdracht, is heel
belangrijk & kan een bijkomende informatiebron bieden bv. lichaamstaal......30

2.2 Boodschap.................................................................................................. 30

2.2.1 Referentiële/inhoudelijke aspect..........................................................30

2.2.2 Expressieve/vormelijke aspect.............................................................31

2.2.3 Relationele & appellerende aspect.......................................................31

2.3 Transmissie, kanaal & medium...................................................................33

2.4 Ontvanger................................................................................................... 34

2.5 Procesmodel van Oomkes..........................................................................36

2.6 Wanneer is een communicatieproces geslaagd?........................................36

3 Visies op het communicatieproces...................................................................37

3.1 Transmissievisie......................................................................................... 37

3.2 Rituele visie/expressiemodel......................................................................37

3.3 Attentievisie/publiciteitsmodel...................................................................38

3.4 Receptievisie/encoding-decoding-model....................................................38

3.5 2 theoretische scholen................................................................................ 39

,4 Vormen van communicatie...............................................................................39

4.1 Intrapersoonlijke communicatie..................................................................40

4.2 Interpersoonlijke communicatie..................................................................40

4.3 Massacommunicatie................................................................................... 40

4.4 Non-verbale communicatie (=metacommunicatie)....................................42

HOOFDSTUK 4: Geschiedenis van media, communicatie &
communicatiewetenschappen............................................................................. 43

1 Mediageschiedenis: media in maatschappelijke omwentelingen......................44

McQuail:............................................................................................................ 45

4.5 Voorlopers: orale & schriftelijke cultuur......................................................45

4.5.1 Orale cultuur......................................................................................... 45

4.5.2 Schriftelijke cultuur...............................................................................47

4.6 Printmedia.................................................................................................. 48

4.6.1 Drukkunst............................................................................................. 48

4.6.2 Dagbladpers......................................................................................... 49

4.7 Beelden & beeldmedia................................................................................51

4.7.1 Registratie van beeld: fotografie..........................................................51

4.7.2 Illusie van beweging: film & cinema.....................................................52

4.8 Tijdperk telecommunicatie.........................................................................53

4.8.1 Registratie van geluid & grammofoon..................................................53

4.8.2 Radio.................................................................................................... 54

4.8.3 Grote naar kleine scherm: televisie......................................................55

4.8.4 Telegrafie: optisch naar elektronisch....................................................55

4.8.5 Telefonie............................................................................................... 56

4.9 Hedendaagse communicatie: tijdperk digitalisering, convergentie &
globalisering..................................................................................................... 57

5 Ontstaan & ontwikkeling communicatiewetenschappen als discipline.............58

5.1 Voorlopers in het denken over communicatie............................................58

5.2 Stand van zaken......................................................................................... 59

,HOOFDSTUK 5: Coming of age............................................................................. 60

1 Massamaatschappij.......................................................................................... 60

5.3 Contextualisering........................................................................................ 60

5.4 Radio & macht van de media......................................................................61

5.5 Concepten & ideeën in denken over maatschappij.....................................61

5.5.1 Sociologische benadering.....................................................................61

5.5.2 Psychologische benadering..................................................................61

5.6 Massamaatschappijtheorie.........................................................................62

5.7 Kritieken & evaluatie..................................................................................63

6 Propaganda....................................................................................................... 63

6.1 Propagandatheorie Lasswell.......................................................................64

6.2 Paradigma van kritische propagandastudies..............................................65

6.3 Paradigmatische strijd................................................................................ 65

7 Institutionalisering communicatiewetenschappen............................................66

7.1 Founding fathers......................................................................................... 66

7.2 Administratief & kritisch onderzoek............................................................66

8 Communicatiemodellen.................................................................................... 67

8.1 Modellen communicatieproces als gebruiksinstrument..............................67

8.2 Communicatiemodel Lasswell.....................................................................67

8.3 Communicatiemodel Shannon & Weaver...................................................68

HOOFDSTUK 6: Mainstreamparadigma................................................................69

1 Mosterd van comwet........................................................................................ 69

8.4 Functionalisme + theorie............................................................................69

8.4.1 Functionalisme..................................................................................... 70

8.4.2 Functionalistische mediatheorie...........................................................71

8.4.3 Kritieken............................................................................................... 72

8.5 Actiegerichte benadering & interpretatieve theorie...................................72

8.5.1 Symbolisch interactionisme..................................................................72

8.5.2 Fenomenologie..................................................................................... 73

, 8.5.3 Etnomethodologie................................................................................ 73

8.5.4 Interpretatieve theorieën.....................................................................73

8.6 Psychologie & cognitieve dissonantie.........................................................74

8.7 Sociolinguïstiek........................................................................................... 74

8.7.1 Relevantie media & communicatie.......................................................75

8.7.2 Langue & Parole................................................................................... 75

8.7.3 Taalgemeenschappen..........................................................................75

8.7.4 Sapir-Whorf-hypothese.........................................................................76

8.7.5 Codetheorie/deficithypothese van Bernstein........................................76

9 Communicatiemodellen.................................................................................... 77

9.1 Balansmodel/ABX-model Newcomb............................................................77

9.2 Communicatiemodel Schramm...................................................................78

9.3 Communicatiemodel Gerbner.....................................................................78

9.4 Communicatiemodel Jakobson....................................................................79

10 Media & publiek.............................................................................................. 80

10.1 FASE 2: Gelimiteerde macht media..........................................................80

10.1.1 Two & multi-step flow.........................................................................80

10.1.2 Mediating factors................................................................................80

10.1.3 Uses & gratifications...........................................................................81

10.2 FASE 3: Machtige media: de sequel..........................................................81

10.2.1 Agenda-setting................................................................................... 82

10.2.2 Cultivatie............................................................................................ 83

10.2.3 Zwijgspiraal........................................................................................ 83

HOOFDSTUK 7: alternatieve kritische paradigma................................................84

1 Marxistische benaderingen...............................................................................84

10.3 Basiselementen........................................................................................ 84

10.4 Onderbouw & bovenbouw........................................................................85

10.5 Media........................................................................................................ 86

10.6 Kritieken................................................................................................... 86

, 11 Kritische theorie Frankfurter Schule...............................................................87

11.1 Origine...................................................................................................... 87

11.2 Culturele dimensie & cultuurindustrie......................................................87

11.3 Politieke dimensie & teloorgang publieke sfeer........................................88

11.4 Kritieken................................................................................................... 89

12 Politieke economie.......................................................................................... 90

12.1 Kritische politieke economie.....................................................................90

12.2 Focus & onderzoeksdomein......................................................................90

12.3 Onderzoeksprogramma............................................................................91

12.4 Kritieken................................................................................................... 92

13 Cultural studies............................................................................................... 92

13.1 Oorsprong................................................................................................. 92

13.2 2 paradigma’s........................................................................................... 92

13.2.1 Structuralisme.................................................................................... 92

13.2.2 Culturalisme....................................................................................... 93

13.3 Onderzoeksprogramma............................................................................94

13.4 Kritieken................................................................................................... 95

14 Post-benaderingen.......................................................................................... 95

14.1 Poststructuralisme.................................................................................... 95

14.2 Creatieve consumptie...............................................................................96

14.3 Postmodernisme....................................................................................... 98

HOOFDSTUK 8: Nieuwe tijden, nieuwe media & nieuwe theorieën......................98

1 Media & communicatietechnologie...................................................................99

15 Mediumtechnologische benaderingen: Toronto School.................................101

15.1 Bias of communication........................................................................... 101

15.2 Medium is the message..........................................................................102

16 Informatiemaatschappijtheorie.....................................................................104

16.1 Verschillende invalshoeken informatiemaatschappij..............................104

16.2 Netwerkmaatschappij.............................................................................105

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