Personality Psychology - A Conclusive Summary with visual aids that is easy to study
31 views 0 purchase
Course
Psychology Of Personality (550041B5)
Institution
Tilburg University (UVT)
Book
Personality Psychology 2e ed
Hey there,
Here comes a summary in the subject Personality Psychology from the academic year 2020/2021. I received a very decent grade (above 8) studying exclusively what you can see in this summary. I hope it will help you too :)
My summaries are based on the lectures mainly. I added the co...
Personality Theory & Assessment - Exam Materials: Complete Book AND Lectures - BSc Psychology Y1, Period 5 - VU University Amsterdam
Persoonlijkheidspsychologie 2e editie Alle hoofdstukken, behalve H9/12/17
All for this textbook (5)
Written for
Tilburg University (UVT)
Psychology [EN]
Psychology Of Personality (550041B5)
All documents for this subject (9)
Seller
Follow
norwhatever
Content preview
Personality Psychology
,Introduction & history - lec1/ch1
What is personality
The set of psychological traits and mechanisms within the individual that is organized and relatively
enduring and that influences his or her interactions with, and adaptations to the environment. (incl. the
intrapsychic, physical and social environment
“The set of psychological traits…”
● traits = tendenciesto act, think and feel in certain ways
● using traits is a way to reduce the complexity of human personality and only look at dimensions
● eg.: Big5
● most important dimensions
○ universal
○ relate to important life outcomes(eg.: longevity)
● link to causes
○ genes
○ evolution
● link to consequences → life outcomes → eg.: health, divorce
“...and mechanisms…”
● = strategies for information processing
● essential parts of information processing
○ input→ something observed in the environment (objective)
○ rule→ personality → influence→ interpretation
■ rules can be activated
○ output→ expressed behavior
“...within the individual…”
● we take personality from situation to situation
● differences between individuals
“...that are organized and relatively enduring…
● consistency over time and situations
● tendency to feel somehow frequently
“...that influences his or her interactions with…”
● social context is also relevant
● personality affects people’s mind, thinking, feeling and choices
“...and adaptations to the environment.”
● some dysfunctional behaviors are adaptive in reality
● intrapsychic domain → within the person
,Personality determines
● how we behave
● how we feel
● how we perceive ourselves and others
● which environmentswe select
Personality is complex → we divide it into specific domains and approaches
A brief history of personality psychology
● Ancient China (2200 B.C.)
○ earliest reports of psychological testing → fitness for office
● Ancient Greece (450 B.C.)
○ Hippocrates → humoral theory
■ physiology affects personality
■ humors cause traits
○ Plato → “individuals’ personality development starts from childhood”
● China, 1370 → written exams
● 19th century
○ renewed interest
○ Measurements of individual differences
■ Galton → eugenics, fingerprint identification
■ Cattell → “ psychology cannot attain the certainty and exactness of physical scienes,
unless it rests on a foundation of experiment and measurement”
● improvement → applying a large series of mental tests to a large number of
individuals
● Binet
○ 1905 - standardized scale of intelligence
○ individual differences in higher-order processes
○ role in the base of personality tests
● Studying individual differences in character
○ James and Freud → ideas but no empirical research
■ James: theory of self-consciousness
■ Freud: psychodynamic approach, unconscious drives that explain human behavior
○ WW I.
■ recruitment
■ assessment of combat stress = shell shock (PTSS)
■ measure of sensitivity to combat stress related to today’s neuroticism
● 1930 - Personality psychology arose
● start of an organized scientific discipline
○ 1932 - first scientific journal: Character and personality
○ 1937 - publication of personality - Allport, Personality: a psychological interpretation
Levels of personality
All human beings are like all others (human nature level), like some others (individual & group
differences)and like no other (individual uniqueness)
1, human nature level
● traits and mechanisms possessed by nearly everyone
● eg.: capacity for language, need to belong etc.
, 2, individual and group differences
3, individual uniqueness
● qualities not shared by another person
Domains of knowledge
dispositional domain
identify and measure ways in which individuals differ (+ origin and development of these)
biological domain
biological systems affecting our behavior and their functional aspect from an evolutionary perspective
intrapsychic domain
unconscious mental mechanisms
modern research on motives, power and achievement
origins: Freud’s psychoanalysis
cognitive-experiential domain
cognition and subjective feelings
eg.: self-concept, intelligence, goal-orientation
adjustment domain
how we cope and adapt
social and cultural domain
personality affects and is affected by cultural context
Types of research
idiographic
in-depth exploration of one person
case studies, biographies
nomothetic
characteristics distributed in the population
statistical comparisons applied to identity
universal characteristics and individual and group differences
Mind map
The benefits of buying summaries with Stuvia:
Guaranteed quality through customer reviews
Stuvia customers have reviewed more than 700,000 summaries. This how you know that you are buying the best documents.
Quick and easy check-out
You can quickly pay through credit card or Stuvia-credit for the summaries. There is no membership needed.
Focus on what matters
Your fellow students write the study notes themselves, which is why the documents are always reliable and up-to-date. This ensures you quickly get to the core!
Frequently asked questions
What do I get when I buy this document?
You get a PDF, available immediately after your purchase. The purchased document is accessible anytime, anywhere and indefinitely through your profile.
Satisfaction guarantee: how does it work?
Our satisfaction guarantee ensures that you always find a study document that suits you well. You fill out a form, and our customer service team takes care of the rest.
Who am I buying these notes from?
Stuvia is a marketplace, so you are not buying this document from us, but from seller norwhatever. Stuvia facilitates payment to the seller.
Will I be stuck with a subscription?
No, you only buy these notes for $9.11. You're not tied to anything after your purchase.
