Summary
Summary Edexcel A-Level Geography - Tectonics EQ2
- Course
- Institution
In this document, I have accumulated my notes Enquiry Question 2 of the Tectonics unit of Edexcel A-level Geography
[Show more]
Seller
Follow
WillRodwell
Content preview
EQ2Tectonics
,REVISION: Geography - GOR Tectonics – EQ2
Lesson 1-2 – Hazards and Disasters, Vulnerability and Resilience
Hazard: A perceived natural/geophysical event that has the potential to
threaten both life and property
Yet a geophysical hazard would not be such without people at or near its
location. That is to say, earthquakes would not be hazards is people did
not live in buildings that collapse as a result of ground shaking. Many
hazards occur at the interface between natural and human systems
Threshold: A threshold is often used to determine whether the impact of
an event is large enough to be considered a disaster
Disaster: The realization of a hazards, when it ‘causes a significant impact
on a vulnerable (Degg)’. The UN ISDR (International Strategy of Disaster
Reduction) states that a hazard becomes a disaster when:
- 10 or more people are killed and/or…
o 100 or more people are affected
o $1 Million USD in economic losses
o Declaring a state of emergency
o International help
Vulnerability: The ability of a community to cope
It refers to the human geography characteristics, including location of
settlements, knowledge and understanding, ability to react, resilience,
community adaptation and preparedness and technology for warning and
protection.
Understanding Risk:
There is a complex relationship between risk, hazards and people. This is
due to several factors:
1. Unpredictability – Many hazards are not predictable; people may be
caught out by either the timing or magnitude of an event.
2
, 2. Lack of alternatives – people may stay in a hazardous area due to a
lack of options. This may be for economic reasons (work) because
of a lack of space to move, or a lack of skills or knowledge
3. Dynamic Hazards – the threat from hazards is not a constant one,
and it may increase or decrease over time. Human influence may
also change the location or increase the frequency or magnitude of
hazardous events
4. Cost-benefit – the benefits of hazardous locations may well
outweigh the risks involved in staying there. Perception of risk may
also play a role here
5. ‘Russian Roulette Reaction’ – The acceptance of the risks as
something that will happen whatever you do, that is one fatalism
Risk: The exposure of people to a hazardous. More specifically, it is the
probability of a hazard occurring that deals to the loss of lives and/or
livelihood
Resilience: In the context of hazards and disasters, resilience can be
thought of as the ability of a system, community or society exposed to
hazards to resist, absorb and recover from the effects of a hazards
Capacity to cope: How well a community can deal with a disaster
- Some communities have a high capacity to cope and high resilience
- This means they can reduce the chances of disaster
1. They have emergency evacuation, rescue and relief systems in
place
2. They react by helping each other to reduce numbers affected
3. Hazard-resistance design or land-use planning having reduced
the numbers at risk
Disaster Risk and Age Index
The disaster risk and age index highlights two important trends:
1. Ageing population
2. The acceleration of risk in a world that is increasingly exposed to a
range of hazard types
3
The benefits of buying summaries with Stuvia:
Guaranteed quality through customer reviews
Stuvia customers have reviewed more than 700,000 summaries. This how you know that you are buying the best documents.
Quick and easy check-out
You can quickly pay through credit card or Stuvia-credit for the summaries. There is no membership needed.
Focus on what matters
Your fellow students write the study notes themselves, which is why the documents are always reliable and up-to-date. This ensures you quickly get to the core!
Frequently asked questions
What do I get when I buy this document?
You get a PDF, available immediately after your purchase. The purchased document is accessible anytime, anywhere and indefinitely through your profile.
Satisfaction guarantee: how does it work?
Our satisfaction guarantee ensures that you always find a study document that suits you well. You fill out a form, and our customer service team takes care of the rest.
Who am I buying these notes from?
Stuvia is a marketplace, so you are not buying this document from us, but from seller WillRodwell. Stuvia facilitates payment to the seller.
Will I be stuck with a subscription?
No, you only buy these notes for $8.43. You're not tied to anything after your purchase.
Can Stuvia be trusted?
4.6 stars on Google & Trustpilot (+1000 reviews)
79223 documents were sold in the last 30 days
Founded in 2010, the go-to place to buy study notes for 14 years now