≈ Heritability:
– The proportion of the total variation between individuals in a given population
due to genetic variation
– NOT inheritance
– Many of majority of psychiatric disorders are highly heritable
≈ What can go wrong with Genes:
– Nucleotide Polymorphism (SNP): A single nucleotide (A,C,T,G) alteration in the
genetic code that doesn’t change meaning of it
Some have impacts, others don’t
Very common
– Mutation: changes in the code and completely changes meaning
Can have profound biological impacts
Rare
– Copy number variation:
Can make harder/impossible to read
1. Duplication: part of the code is duplicated
2. Deletion: part of the code is deleted
≈ The closer to relationship to person with schizophrenia (genes shared) the higher the
risk of developing schizophrenia but other factors can affect it
≈ Approaches to study of genetics:
– Family studies – Adopted twin studies
– Twin studies – Linkage analysis studies
– Genome wide-association studies (GWAS)
≈ Family studies:
– Began in 1916 first systematic studies- “feeble mindedness” ran in families
– Limitations:
No control groups
Environments are similar between family members
≈ Twin studies:
– Limitations: The environment between MZ and DZ twins might not be really
constant
– Provide good evidence for genetic bases for schizophrenia
– Maudsley Twin study:
Maudsley twin study 1940’s - individuals who registered for treatment at
Maudsley hospital 1948-1993 – 106 patients- personal interviews
Showed correlation in monozygotic twins = .81 in dizygotic twins = .31
The display of schizophrenia was linked to whether they were MZ or DZ
Criticized for not being controlled diagnostically
The benefits of buying summaries with Stuvia:
Guaranteed quality through customer reviews
Stuvia customers have reviewed more than 700,000 summaries. This how you know that you are buying the best documents.
Quick and easy check-out
You can quickly pay through credit card or Stuvia-credit for the summaries. There is no membership needed.
Focus on what matters
Your fellow students write the study notes themselves, which is why the documents are always reliable and up-to-date. This ensures you quickly get to the core!
Frequently asked questions
What do I get when I buy this document?
You get a PDF, available immediately after your purchase. The purchased document is accessible anytime, anywhere and indefinitely through your profile.
Satisfaction guarantee: how does it work?
Our satisfaction guarantee ensures that you always find a study document that suits you well. You fill out a form, and our customer service team takes care of the rest.
Who am I buying these notes from?
Stuvia is a marketplace, so you are not buying this document from us, but from seller fidan-agayeva. Stuvia facilitates payment to the seller.
Will I be stuck with a subscription?
No, you only buy these notes for $0.00. You're not tied to anything after your purchase.
