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Information system: Hardware, Software and Telecommunications networks that people
build.
Used: to collect, create, and distribute useful data, typically in organizational settings.
Technology: application of scientific knowledge for practical purposes.
Five components of information systems:
1. Hardware: the physical components of the technology - tangible
2. Software: set of instructions that tells the hardware what to do – intangible.
a. Operating-system software makes the hardware useable. (Microsoft
windows, Android)
b. Application software: does something useful (angry birds, Microsoft excel)
3. Data: collection of facts. Aggregated, indexed, and organized together into a
database, data can become a powerful tool for businesses.
4. People:
5. Process: a series of steps undertaken to achieve a desired outcome or goal. Using
technology to manage and improve process both within a company and externally
with suppliers and customer is the ultimate goal.
1950’s -> 1960’s
The Mainframe Era:
Used by: Governments and Universities for Scientific calculations
1960’s:
MRP: Manufacturing Resources Planning – gave companies the ability to manage the
manufacturing process, making it more efficient. It runs on a mainframe computer (room
sized)
Gave businesses a reason to want to integrate computing into their processes!
(1969):
Internet (Worldwide web)
1975
PC revolution
PC’s by IBM had open architecture easy for other companies to copy.
1980s
Many new computer companies sprang up, offering less expensive versions of the PC.
LAN networks
ERP: Enterprise Resource Planning: a software application with a centralized database that
can be used to run a company’s entire business. It runs on the client-server architecture.
,1970’s :
Internet
1990’s:
ERP Enterprise Resource Planning: highly used
2000:
Mad rush of investment in Internet-based businesses Dot-com bust.
Web 2.0:
Social networking
The Post-PC World:
Cloud services
Nicholas Car: “Information technology is just a commodity and cannot be used to gain a
competitive advantage.”
------------------------------------------
Walmart: Let suppliers manage the inventory of Walmart with the use of Retail Link.
As a result, Walmart didn’t have to pay for personal to do that, thus prices can kept low + adjust
quick to market changes.
Chapter 3: Software
Software: A set of instructions that tells the hardware what to do.
1. Operating system software: manage the hardware and create the interface between
hardware and the user (e.g. Apple’s OS X).
- It manages the hardware resources of the computer
- It provides the user-interface components
- It provides a platform for software developers to write applications.
2. Application software: the category of programs that do something useful for the
user, it allows the user to accomplish some goal or purpose.
- Productivity software: allow office employees to complete their daily work
(Microsoft’s Office, with word processing, spreadsheets,
presentation etc.)
- Utility software: software that allows you to fix or
modify your computer into some way. To fil
shortcomings in operating systems (AntiVirus)
- Programming software: software which purpose is to
make more software, used to write code, test it, and
convert it in your computer.
, CRM: Customer Relationship Management – a software application designed to manage an
organization’s customers.
(For example: salesforce)
SCM: Supply Chain Management – the design, planning, execution, control and monitoring
of supply chain activities with the objective of creating net value building a competitive
infrastructure, leveraging worldwide logistics, synchronizing supply with demand, and
measuring performance globally.
( Most ERP systems include a supply chain management module.)
Cloud computing:
The use of applications, services and data storage on the Internet, by individuals and
organizations. You can use a private cloud, to provide privacy.
(Salesforce is also cloud computing)
Virtualization: The process of using software to simulate a computer or some other device
(e.g. a single computer can perform the functions of several computers)
Software creation:
A programming language: A set of commands and syntax that can be organized logically to
execute specific functions (e.g. Java)
1. Open-Source software: Software that makes the source code available for anyone to
copy and use.
1. Benefits of open-source model:
The software is available for free.
The software source-code is available; it can be examined and reviewed before it is
installed.
The large community of programmers who work on open-source projects leads to
quick bug- fixing and feature additions.
2. Benefits of closed-source model:
By providing financial incentive for software development, some of the brightest
minds have chosen software development as a career.
Technical support from the company that developed the software.
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