NR 101 MICRO-CHAP 1 QUIZ.| LATEST GUIDE

NR 101 MICRO-CHAP 1 QUIZ.NR 101 MICRO-CHAP 1 QUIZ. CHAPTER 1 1) Work by ________ laid the foundations of the field of environmental microbiology. A) Redi and Spallanzani B) Pauling and Woese C) Beijerinck and Winogradsky D) Lister and Semmelweis E) Koch and Pasteur 2) The term ________ involves the study of the blood components that fight infection. A) chemotherapy B) antisepsis C) serology D) bioremediation E) etiology 3) Which of the following is an INCORRECT pairing? A) algae; aquatic and marine habitats B) protozoa; multicellular C) viruses; acellular parasites D) fungi; cell walls E) prokaryotes; no nuclei 4) Pasteur's experiments on fermentation laid the foundation for A) immunology. B) industrial microbiology. C) abiogenesis. D) antisepsis. E) epidemiology. 5) What must one have before designing and conducting experiments? A) a hypothesis B) a complete set of data C) a theory D) popular opinion E) scientific law 6) Which of the following was NOT an aspect of Pasteur's experiments to disprove spontaneous generation? A) The flasks were incubated for very long periods of time. B) The flasks were free of microbes until they were opened. C) The flasks he used were sealed with corks. D) The necks of the flasks he used were bent into an S-shape. E) He boiled the infusions to kill any microbes present. 7) Which of the following is NOT an observation Pasteur made concerning the fermentation of grape juice? A) Pasteurization kills yeast to prevent spoilage of grape juice. B) Yeast can grow in sealed or open flasks of grape juice. C) Yeast can grow with or without oxygen. D) Yeast cells can grow and reproduce in grape juice. E) Some bacteria may produce acid in grape juice. 8) Inserting a gene from the hepatitis B virus into yeast so that the yeast produces a viral protein is an example of A) genetic engineering. B) microbial genetics. C) etiology. D) immunology. E) gene therapy. 9) All of the following were involved in developing the germ theory of disease EXCEPT A) Koch. B) Pauling. C) Pasteur. D) Snow. E) Fracastoro. 10) Parasitic worms, even meters-long tapeworms, are studied in microbiology because A) Leeuwenhoek first discovered them. B) they are parasites. C) the Gram stain can be used to identify them. D) no one else wants to study them. E) diagnosis usually involves microscopic examination of patient samples. 11) Whose search for chemicals that would kill microbes without harming humans was the foundation for chemotherapy? A) Lister B) Pasteur C) Koch D) Ehrlich E) Gram 12) Identification of bacteria in the laboratory usually begins with the ________ for placement in one of two large groups of bacteria. A) Gram stain B) Koch's stain C) Ehrlich magic test D) Petri stain E) Pasteur fermentation test 13) The first true vaccine protected against disease caused by a(n) ________ pathogen. A) bacterial B) archaeal C) viral D) fungal E) protozoal 14) The study of the occurrence, distribution, and spread of disease is known as A) epidemiology. B) biotechnology. C) serology. D) biochemistry. E) immunology. 15) Which of the following is NOT a characteristic of protozoa? A) They frequently possess cilia or flagella. B) Most exhibit asexual reproduction. C) They are all photosynthetic. D) They are eukaryotic organisms. E) They are single-celled organisms. 16) What is the correct order for the application of Koch's postulates? I. Inoculate suspect agent into test subject and observe that subject develops disease of interest. II. Isolate and culture suspect agent in the laboratory. III. Find suspect agent is every case of disease of interest but not in healthy hosts. IV. Recover and isolate suspect agent from test subject. A) III, I, IV, II B) IV, I, III, II C) IV, I, II, III D) I, II, III, IV E) III, II, I, IV 17) Who discovered penicillin? A) Ehrlich B) Pasteur C) Fleming D) Kitasato E) Domagk 18) Paul Ehrlich used chemotherapy to treat A) smallpox. B) anthrax. C) syphilis. D) cholera. E) cancer. 19) Who demonstrated that fermentation could occur in the absence of intact cells? A) Pasteur B) Koch C) Woese D) Lister E) Buchner 20) Which of the following is NOT a characteristic of viruses? A) They are composed of genetic material and protein. B) They are obligatory parasites. C) They are acellular. D) They are visible with a light microscope. E) They are smaller than prokaryotic cells. 21) The term for the use of microorganisms to restore damaged environments is A) ecology. B) epidemiology. C) bioremediation. D) chemotherapy. E) serology. 22) Robert Koch was involved in research on all of the following topics EXCEPT A) the cause of tuberculosis. B) techniques for isolating microbes in the laboratory. C) the cause of anthrax. D) development of a method to determine the cause of an infectious disease. E) the cause of fermentation. 23) Semmelweis advocated handwashing as a method of preventing which of the following diseases? A) anthrax B) puerperal fever C) smallpox D) cholera E) syphilis 24) The term that literally means "against putrefaction" is A) nosocomial. B) antisepsis. C) prokaryote. D) recombinant technology. E) chemotherapy. 25) Louis Pasteur demonstrated that fermentation to produce alcohol is caused by A) obligate parasites. B) aerobes. C) archaea. D) prokaryotes. E) facultative anaerobes. Answer: E 26) What was the first disease shown to be bacterial in origin? 26) A) yellow fever B) cholera C) malaria D) tuberculosis E) anthrax 27) Which of the following statements about fungi is FALSE? A) Fungi are eukaryotes. B) Molds are multicellular. C) Fungi are photosynthetic. D) Yeasts are unicellular. E) Fungi have a cell wall. 28) Which of the following questions largely stimulated the research of microbes during what is known as the Golden Age of Microbiology? A) How can microorganisms be seen? B) What causes disease, and is spontaneous generation of microbes possible? C) How do genes work? D) How are microbes related? E) How should living organisms be classified? 29) The microbes commonly known as ________ are single-celled eukaryotes that are generally motile. A) protozoa B) viruses C) bacteria D) fungi E) archaea 30) Which of the following statements concerning Koch's postulates is FALSE? A) The suspected pathogen may not be present in all cases of the disease being studied. B) All of Koch's postulates must be satisfied before an organism can be shown to cause a particular disease. C) Koch's postulates cannot be used to demonstrate the cause of all diseases. D) Koch's postulates involve the experimental infection of susceptible hosts. E) A suspected pathogen must be able to be grown in the laboratory. 31) The study of the body's defenses against pathogens is called A) epidemiology. B) chemotherapy. C) molecular biology. D) etiology. E) immunology. 32) Antoni van Leeuwenhoek was the first person in history to A) develop a taxonomic system. B) use a magnifying glass. C) use the germ theory of disease. D) view microorganisms and record these observations. E) disprove spontaneous generation. 33) John Snow's research during a cholera outbreak in London laid the foundation for which of the following branches of microbiology? A) epidemiology only B) infection control only C) immunology only D) both infection control and epidemiology E) infection control, epidemiology, and immunology 34) Microorganisms characterized by the absence of a nucleus are called A) prokaryotes. B) eukaryotes. C) viruses. D) fungi. E) pathogens. 35) Which of the following scientists provided evidence in favor of the concept of spontaneous generation? A) Spallanzani B) Buchner C) Needham D) Redi E) Pasteur 36) Which of the following types of microbe was NOT observed by Leeuwenhoek? A) virus B) fungus C) protozoan D) alga E) prokaryote 37) All of the following individuals were involved in improving public health in the 19th century EXCEPT A) Lister. B) Spallanzani. C) Snow. D) Nightingale. E) Semmelweis. 38) Which of the following statements about algae is FALSE? A) They provide most of the oxygen on Earth. B) They are a source of food for aquatic and marine animals. C) The group includes seaweeds and kelps. D) They are photosynthetic organisms. E) They are important in the degradation of dead plants and animals. 39) According to Kluyver and van Niel, which of the following are true of basic biochemical reactions? A) They primarily involve transfers of chemical groups. B) They are shared by all living things. C) Basic biochemical reactions shared by all living things primarily involve transfer of electrons and hydrogen ions. D) There are an unlimited number of them. E) They primarily involve the transfer of electrons and ions. 40) The work of Lister, Nightingale, and Semmelweis all contributed to controlling infectious disease by A) developing methods for reducing nosocomial infections. B) determining the taxonomic relationships among microbes. C) developing vaccines. D) identifying the sources of infectious agents. E) developing techniques for isolating pathogens. 41) What scientist first hypothesized that gene sequences could provide new insights into evolutionary relationships among all organisms (including microbes)? A) Woese B) Kluyver C) Avery D) Pauling E) Ehrlich 42) Which of the following individuals pioneered the use of chemicals to reduce the incidence of infections during surgery? A) Ehrlich B) Snow C) Lister D) Nightingale E) Semmelweis 43) The term ________ refers to an infection acquired in a health care setting. A) archaea B) spontaneous generation C) nosocomial D) abiogenesis E) bioremediation