nursing.

L & D Pain Management - ATI CH 12 Pain mgt. during L&D - Pain is a subjective and individual experience, and each client's response to the pain of labor is unique. Sources of pain during the FIRST STAGE of labor - ◯ First stage - internal visceral pain that may be felt as back and leg pain, which is caused by ■ Dilation, effacement, and stretching of the cervix ■ Distention of the lower segment of the uterus ■ Contractions of the uterus with resultant uterine ischemia S...

PREGNANCY CHANGES AND FETAL WELL BEING - ATI CH 3 and 6 Presumptive Signs of Pregnancy - Changes that the woman experiences that make her think that she may be pregnant. These changes may be subjective symptoms or objective signs. Signs also may be a result of physiological factors other than pregnancy (peristalsis, infections, and stress). ◯ Amenorrhea ◯ Fatigue ◯ Nausea and vomiting ◯ Urinary frequency ◯ Breast changes - darkened areolae, enlarged Montgomery's glands ...

Early Onset of Labor - ATI CH 10 Early Onset of Labor - Preterm labor, premature rupture of membranes, and preterm premature rupture of membranes Preterm labor - uterine contractions and cervical changes that occur between 20 and 37 weeks of gestation. Name 5 risk factors that are associated with preterm labor: - ● Infections of the urinary tract, vagina, or chorioamnionitis (infection of the amniotic sac) ● Previous preterm birth ● Multifetal pregnancy ● Hydramnios (exces...

Pregnancy Complications - Medical Conditions ATI CH 9 What are some unexpected medical conditions that can occur during pregnancy? - Recurrent premature dilation of the cervix Hyperemesis gravidarum Anemia Gestational diabetes mellitus Gestational hypertension What are the crucial components of unexpected medical conditions in pregnancy in order to ensure fetal well-being and maternal health? - Awareness Early detection Interventions Recurrent premature dilation of the cervix: ...

Complications in pregnancy - Infections ATI CH 8 Maternal infections during pregnancy - Maternal infections during pregnancy require prompt identification and treatment by a provider. HIV, TORCH infections, Group B streptococcus ß-hemolytic, chlamydia, gonorrhea, and Candida albicans. HIV/AIDS - HIV is a retrovirus that attacks and causes destruction of T lymphocytes. It causes immunosuppression in a client. How is HIV/AIDS transmitted from mother to fetus or neonate? - HIV is tr...

Bleeding During Pregnancy ATI CH 7 Is vaginal bleeding during pregnancy normal? - No, it is always abnormal and must be investigated to determine the cause. It can impair both the outcome of the pregnancy and the mother's life. What are the causes of vaginal bleeding in the FIRST TRIMESTER? - Spontaneous Abortion Ectopic Pregnancy What are the causes of vaginal bleeding in the SECOND TRIMESTER? - Gestational trophoblastic disease - Molar Pregnancy HYDATIFORM MOLE CHORIOCARCINOMA ...

Labor and Delivery Processes - ATI CH 11 Labor and Delivery Processes - ATI CH 11 Labor and Delivery Processes - ATI CH 11 Who are the 3 clients an intrapartum nurse should care for during each labor and delivery? ◯ Fetus ◯ Mother ◯ Family unit What are the physiologic changes that can precede labor? - ◯ Backache - a constant low, dull backache, caused by pelvic muscle relaxation ◯ Weight loss - a 0.5 to 1.4 kg (1 to 3 lb) weight loss ◯ Lightening - fetal head...