Galen College of Nursing

- What is nephrotic syndrome? A condition of increased glomerular permeability that allows larger molecules to pass through the membrane into the urine and then be excreted. - What are key features of nephrotic syndrome? - Massive proteinuria -Hypoalbuminemia -Edema (facial and periorbital) -Lipiduria -Hyperlipidemia -Increased coagulation -Reduced kidney function - In nephrotic syndrome, severe protein loss in the urine is greater than what? 3.5g in 24 hours - What is nephrotic sy...

Pulmonary Embolism s/s you report immediately to RRT? - Syncope Cyanosis JVD Hypotension What is the priority treatment for PE? - Heparin IVF (for hypotension) What are NSG interventions for PE? - O2 Lung assessments Bleeding/fall precautions Assess u/o, VS & neuro What is the lab values for Heparin? - PTT = 20-30 (1.5-2.5x) normal aPTT = 30-40 (1.5-2.5x) normal Greatest risk factor for Pulmonary Embolism? - Immobility Long bone fx Surgery Smoking What ABG result is found in Pulm...

- -decreased LOC(lethargy to coma) -restlessness, irritability, confusion -headache -projectile N&V -change in speech pattern/slurred speech -dilated nonreactive pupils or constructed nonreactive pupils -ataxia -seizure -abnormal posturing -Cushing's triad: severe HTN, widened pulse pressure, bradycardia Key sx of increased ICP - Symptoms of increased ICP -severe HTN, widened pulse pressure, bradycardia What is Cushing's triad - Most at risk during 1st 72 hours after stroke o...

Lupus: Hallmark sign - butterfly rash on face Lupus: Indication of flare - Fever and fatigue *also assess BUN function *c reactive protein remains normal Lupus: Interventions - -Falls precautions -treat pain with tylenol and NSAIDS (monitor kidney function) -AVOID SUNLIGHT -REPORT FLARE IMMEDIATELY -clean skin with mild soap and pat dry and apply lotion Lupus: medical management - -hydroxychloroquine(anti-malarial) decreases absorption of UV light Scleroderma - inflammatory, autoimmun...

Discoid Lupus - Affects skin, isn't lethal Discoid lupus presents with ... - Macular Rash or Discoid Rash Discoid rash - red raised patches with scaling skin Malar Rash - Red flat or raised over cheeks (butterfly rash) Discoid Lupus Diagnostics - Skin Biopsy SLE - Chronic, progressive, Inflammation of connective tissue, and affects multiple body systems SLE in kidneys - Leading cause of death, presents with high creatinine, low hematocrit, proteinuria SLE is most common in ... - wome...

What is the goal of nutritional support in cancer, hiv, and aids patients? - The goal is to improve survival rates, reduce treatment side effects, and increase the quality of life What does HIV stand for? - human immunodeficiency virus What does AIDS stand for? - acquired immunodeficiency syndrome What do cancer, HIV, and AIDS all have in common? - they all have challenges to nutritional status, they are characterized by wasting and malnutrition, and attributable to the disease or seconda...

- AIDS (acquired immune deficiency syndrome) Low CD4 T cell count <200, Opportunistic infections - HIV/AIDS Key Features CNS Signs Confusion Dementia Fever Visual changes Memory loss Personalitychanges Pain Seizures CNS Inflammation causes damage to the brain and CNS - opportunistic infections r/t HIV/AIDS compromised immune system Toxoplasmosis Encephalitis - cat liter glove and mask. Neuro assessment Fungal Infections Candidiasis=Pain can occur while swallowing Bad breath, ...

What is encephalitis? - inflammation or infection of the brain What causes encephalitis? - West Nile Virus Herpes What are the s/s of encephalitis? - High fever, N/V, stiff neck Flu like symptoms change in LOC photophobia pupil changes (dilate & less responsive to light) What is used to dx encephalitis? - lumbar puncture EEG CT (looks for mass) What are N/I for encephalitis? - Neuro checks Monitor for s/s of ICP Suction only resp compromised HOB 30-45 Decrease stimuli What is the...

What is pleural effusion? - accumulation of fluid in the pleural space What are some s/s of pleural effusion? - diminished lung sounds decreased o2 increased RR tachy anxiety friction rub How is pleural effusion dx'ed? - x-ray How is pleural effusion treated? - thoracentesis What is thoracentesis? - Insertion of a large bore needle through the chest wall into the pleural space to remove pleural fluid/air What position should the pt be in for a thoracentesis? - sitting up & leaning ...

• -decreased LOC(lethargy to coma) -restlessness, irritability, confusion -headache -projectile N&V -change in speech pattern/slurred speech -dilated nonreactive pupils or constructed nonreactive pupils -ataxia -seizure -abnormal posturing -Cushing's triad: severe HTN, widened pulse pressure, bradycardia • Key sx of increased ICP • Symptoms of increased ICP -severe HTN, widened pulse pressure, bradycardia • What is Cushing's triad • Most at risk during 1st 72 hours ...