TESOL Praxis

What are some examples of cultural norms that affect communication? Gender, age, ethnicity, socioeconomic status, education Why is it important for language learners to also learn the cultural norms associated with a language? ...It's important so that ELL can function and contribute to the dominant culture without fear of alienation or exclusion. To avoid isolation within their own culture. How do cultures vary in terms of norms concerning eye contact? Some cultures expect dir...

Constructivist teaching is based on the belief that learning occurs as learners are actively involved in a process of meaning and knowledge construction as opposed to passively receiving information. Learners are the makers of meaning and knowledge. Negative Transfer Which occurs when speakers and writers transfer items and structures that are not the same in both languages. In English, a verb that expresses a state of being (e.g., "I am") is used to indicate the age of a person, wher...

direct/natural method - method of language instruction - based on the principle that L2s should be acquired in much the same way as L1s - skills are slowly developed as students acquire targeted vocab through repeated exposure to authentic language usage, supported by pictures, objects, & pantomime - oral language skills are emphasized, but students are not required to speak; instead, teachers provide students with materials to create a stress-free learning environment - proponents of this ...

Direct (or natural) method Second languages should be acquired in the same way as first languages. Oral language (input not just output) is emphasized. No focus on grammar structure Induction Learn grammar through imitation and trial/error Grammar-translation method Intended for foreign language literature. No emphasis on speaking/listening Audio-lingual method (ALM) Oral-based approach that uses repetitive exercises to teach grammatical structural patterns, vocab, key p...

Acronyms to Know for ESOL Praxis Test with complete solutions

Direct (or natural) method Second languages should be acquired in the same way as first languages. Oral language (input not just output) is emphasized. No focus on grammar structure Induction Learn grammar through imitation and trial/error Grammar-translation method Intended for foreign language literature. No emphasis on speaking/listening Audio-lingual method (ALM) Oral-based approach that uses repetitive exercises to teach grammatical structural patterns, vocab, key p...

Universal Grammar Chomsky-no dialect or language is more complex or sophisticated than the other. We are all born with the capacity to learn any language w/o formal instruction LAD Language Aquisition Device Generative Grammar set of rules that could be used to produce language Deep Structure our ideas, what we mean-derive meaning from social context Surface Structure what we say or write-literal meaning of words Natural Order Hypothesis Krashen- grammati...

direct/natural method - method of language instruction - based on the principle that L2s should be acquired in much the same way as L1s - skills are slowly developed as students acquire targeted vocab through repeated exposure to authentic language usage, supported by pictures, objects, & pantomime - oral language skills are emphasized, but students are not required to speak; instead, teachers provide students with materials to create a stress-free learning environment - proponents of this ...

I'm Nola. I go a new york and philadelfia de las vacation. My familia is happy and I am happy. My hermana is happy and my tio like see my familia. Q1. This writing example is characterized by which of the following? (A)Acculturation (B) Code-switching (C) Circumlocution (D) Ethnocentrism (B) Code-switching The three most important people in my life are my mom, my dad, and my sister. My mom is important to me because she always understand me and she always help me. My dad is importa...

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