Biology 1404 exam review Study guides, Class notes & Summaries

Define Evolution - -the process by which modern organisms have descended from ancient ones -What is a theory - -a well tested explanation of a natural phenomena -How are theories developed? - -theories are developed by frequent testings of hypotheses -Who established the Theory of Evolution by Natural Selection? - -Charles Darwin -What was the name of the book he published? - -The Origin of Species -What island is famous for its relationship to the theory? - -the Galapagos Islands...

What features are common to all living organisms? - -enclosed by a membrane presence of cytoplasm presence of DNA presence of ribosomes -How do electrons behave when they absorb or lose energy? - -Electrons move to higher or lower shells by absorbing (higher) or releasing (lower) energy -What is a nonpolar covalent bond? - -The atoms share the electrons equally -What is a polar covalent bond? - -One atom is more electronegative, and the atoms do not share the electron equally (crea...

acetyl CoA - -Is formed when pyruvate first enters into the mitochondria via active transport. -aerobic respiration - -Respiration that requires oxygen -anaerobic - -Process that does not require oxygen -anaerobic cellular respiration - -the process by which cells obtain energy from an energy source without using oxygen -ATP synthase - -Large protein that uses energy from H+ ions to bind ADP and a phosphate group together to produce ATP -chemiosmosis - -the use of energy in a H+ g...

BIOLOGY 1404 EXAM CHAPTER 4-7 EXAM #2 REVIEW. BIO 1404 OPENSTAX CHAPTER 4-7 EXAM #2 REVIEW CH4 - Cell structure CH5 - Structure and function of plasma membranes CH6 - Metabolism CH7 - Cellular respiration CH4: Cell structure 4.1 A cell is the smallest unit of living things Levels of organization (simplest to complex): cells, tissues, organ, organ system, organism Cells are split into 2 categories: prokaryotic and eukaryotic Bacteria and archaea are PROKARYOTIC Both animal and p...

main goal of this chapter - --Explain the "central dogma" of DNA-protein synthesis -Describe the genetic code and how the nucleotide sequence prescribes the amino acid and the protein sequence -The cellular process of _____ generates messenger RNA (mRNA) - -transcription -messenger RNA (mRNA) - -A type of RNA, synthesized from DNA and attached to ribosomes in the cytoplasm; it specifies the primary structure of a protein. -a mobile molecular copy of one or more genes with an alphabet o...

Most likely, mitochondria and chloroplast evolved from: - -Bacteria -What three overlapping processes are involved in development? - -Growth, morphogenesis and differentiation ------ is a type of ground tissue composed of cells having tick, often lignified secondary cell walls. - -Sclerenchyma -A mature sieve element does NOT normally have: - -A nucleus -The function of companion cells is thought to be: - -Delivery of substances to sieve-tube elements -Trichomes are: - -Appendages...

entire organism - -In unicellular organisms, division of one cell reproduces the __________. -Cell division - -_________ enables multicellular eukaryotes to develop from a single cell and, once fully grown, to renew, repair, or replace cells as needed. -Mitosis - -When does tissue repair occur? -Mitosis - -When does embryonic happen? -Mitosis - -When does development occur? -Mitosis - -When does tissue turnover (renewal) occur? -Meiosis - -When does reproduction occur? -Germ...

what's the central dogma of genes&proteins? what's an exception to this rule? - -DNA (transcription) - RNA (translation) - protein. reverse transcription. -in ___, the ___ sequence turned to ___ sequence *(_-_) - -transcription - DNA - RNA - T-U -in ___, the "___ ___" stru happens where the ___ is ___ start of ___. it runs in ___ ___, small __ ___. - -translation - Christmas tree - tip - RNA's - transcription - one direction - to big -the ___ starts ___. it is a ___ ___ & is __ bp ...

Gene expression - -The process by which DNA directs protein synthesis and has two stages - transcription - translation -Transcription - -the synthesis of RNA using information in DNA - produces messenger RNA (mRNA) -Translation - -the synthesis of a polypeptide using information in the mRNA -Ribsosomes - -the sites of translation -Translation in prokaryotes - -translation of mRNA can begin before transcription has finished (coupled) -Transcription in eukaryotes - -transcripti...

the white allele is recessive - -white flowering plants were not observed in the F1 generation following a cross of true breeding purple and white flowering plants in Mendels monohybrid cross experiment because -dipliod - -human somatic cells are -16 - -given 4 different charateristics assuming independent assortment how many different types of gamestes are possible -on the same chromosome - -if two genes are linked they are -dividing white blood cells - -which cell would be best to ...