Usmle stuvia Study guides, Class notes & Summaries

Renal tubular acidosis (RTA) associated with abnormal H+ secretion and nephrolithiasis - Answer Type 1 (Distal) RTA RTA associated with abnormal HCO3 and rickets - Answer Type 2 proximal RTA RTA associated with aldosterone defect - Answer Type 4 distal RTA Doughy skin - Answer hypernatremia Differential for hypervolemic Hyponatremia - Answer Cirrhosis, CHF, nephrotic syndrome Chovestks sign, and Trosseuas - Answer Hypocalcemia The most common cause of Hypercalcemia - Answer mal...

Risk factors for DVT - Answer Virchow triad: Stasis Endothelial injury Hypercoagulability Criteria for exudative effusion - Answer Pleural/serum protein >0.5 Pleural/serum LDH >0.6 Causes of exudative effusion - Answer Think of leaky capillaries: Malignancy TB Bacterial or viral infection Pulmonary embolism with infarct Pancreatitis Causes of transudative effusion - Answer Thik of intact capillaries: CHF Cirrhosis Nephrotic syndrome (protein-losing enteropathy) Nor...

"Stuck on" appearance - Answer Seborrheic keratosis Red plaques with silvery white scaled and sharp margins - Answer Psoriasis The most common type of skin cancer; the lesion is a pearly colored papule with a translucent surface and telangiectasisas - Answer Basal cell carcinoma Honey crusted lesions - Answer Impetigo A febrile patient with a history of diabetes presents with a red, swollen , painful lower extremity - Answer Cellulitis

Back pain that is excacerbated by standing and walking and relieved with sitting and hyperflecion of the hips - Answer Spinal stenosis Joints in the hand affected in rheumatoid arthritis. - Answer MCP and PIP joints; DIP joints are spared. Joint pain and stiffness that worsen over the course of the day and relieved by rest. - Answer Osteoarthritis Genetic disorder associated with multiple fractures and commonaly mistaken for child abuse. - Answer Osteogenesis Imperfectica.

Patient presents with sudden onset of severe, diffuse abdominal pain. Exam reveals peritoneal signs and abdominal radiograph reveals free air under the diaphragm. Management? - Answer Emergent laparotomy to repair a perforated viscus. The most likely cause of acute lower GI bleeding in patients >40 - Answer Diverticulosis Diagnostic modality used when ultrasonography is equivocal for cholecystitis - Answer Hepatobiliary iminodiacetic acid (HIDA) scan Risk factors for cholelithiasis -...

patients blood smear shows that he has small hyper chromic red cells, without central pallor. this is called______ and what is another issue they will likely have? - Answer speherocytes gallstones this HIV drug gives people bad dreams, dizzy, poor sleep, anxiety... - Answer Efafirenz abacavir side effect - Answer abacavir someone has urge incontinence. what is initial treatment? - Answer frequent voluntary voiding pt on sumatriptan for migraine, what else should she NOT take - Answe...

Four causes of microcytic anemia - Answer TICS - Thalassemia, Iron Deficiency, anemia of Chronic disease, and Sideroblastic anemia An elderly man with hypochromic, microcytic anemia is asymptomatic. Diagnostic test? - Answer Fecal occult blood test and sigmoidoscopy; suspect colorectal cancer Precipitant of hemolytic crisis in patients with G6PD deficiency. - Answer Sulfonamides, antimalarial drugs, fava beans The most common inherited cause of hypercoagulability - Answer Factor V Leide...

bacteria associated with stomach cancer - Answer H. pylori bug in debilitated, hospitalized pneumonia patient - Answer Klebsiella 21-hydroxylase deficiency - Answer congenital adrenal hyperplasia congenital conjugated hyperbilirubinemia (black liver) - Answer Dubin-Johnson syndrome (inability of hepatocytes to secrete conjugated bilirubin into bile) iodine deficit/hypothyroidism - Answer cretinism - corticosteroid therapy - excess ACTH secretion by pituitary - Answer Cushing's s...

What are the major functions of the α1 receptor? -ANSWER Increase vascular smooth muscle contraction, increase pupillary dilator muscle contraction (mydriasis), increase intestinal and bladder sphincter muscle contraction What are the major functions of the α2 receptor? -ANSWER Decrease sympathetic outflow, decrease insulin release, decrease lipolysis, increase platelet aggregation, decrease aqueous humor production What are the major functions of the β1 receptor? -ANSWER Increase heart...

polyostotic fibrous dysplasia, precocious puberty, cafe-au-lait spots, short stature, young girls - diagnosis? -ANSWER Albright's syndrome blue-domed cysts - diagnosis? -ANSWER fibrocystic change of the breast Wermer's syndrome - also known as? -ANSWER MEN type I "wire loop" appearance on Light microscopy- diagnosis? -ANSWER lupus nephropathy what is the defect in Job's syndrome? -ANSWER neutrophil chemotaxis abnormality - due to failure of IFN-gamma production by helper T cells...