Carbon nucleophiles - Study guides, Class notes & Summaries

This study guide will help you get an A on Exam 2 in CHEM 215 :) It is a summary of Exam 2 content containing colorful diagrams, drawings, and mechanisms. This study guide paired with practice problems will help any student succeed in this course. The study guide contains information from Exam 2 including: -Acylation mechanisms (strong base, weak base, acid catalyst, special cases) -Reactivity of different functional groups -Preparation and reactions of carboxylic acids, anhydrides, esters...

How can we make polymers more flexible? - ANSWER By adding a plasticiser How do plasticisers make polymers more flexible? - ANSWER They stick between the chains and keep the polymers further apart from each other, weakening the van der Waals forces and lets chains slide more easily. Uses of Kevlar - ANSWER bulletproof and used in body armour. Uses of Nylon - ANSWER commonly used in textiles. Why are polymers strong? - ANSWER Polymers are bound by van der Waals forces. The intermolecula...

Test Bank for Organic Chemistry 4e 4th Edition by David R. Klein. ISBN-13: 9594 Full chapters test bank PDF TABLE OF CONTENTS 1 A Review of General Chemistry: Electrons, Bonds, and Molecular Properties 1 1.1 Introduction to Organic Chemistry 2 1.2 The Structural Theory of Matter 3 1.3 Electrons, Bonds, and Lewis Structures 4 1.4 Identifying Formal Charges 7 1.5 Induction and Polar Covalent Bonds 8 1.6 Reading Bond-Line Structures 11 1.7 Atomic Orbitals 14 1.8 Valence Bond Theory 17 1.9 Molecular...

AQA A Level Chemistry- Organic Chemistry questions and answers 100% guaranteed success. Empirical formula - ANS.The simplest whole number ratio of atoms of each element present in a compound How to find the empirical formula - ANS.Obtain the mass of each element present in grams (Element % = mass in g = m) Determine the number of moles of each type of atom present Divide the number of moles of each element by the smallest number of moles Co...

Science 0rganic chemiStry mechaniSm of a reaction How do you get a disaccharide? - ANS-From the same reaction that gave us the glycoside! Its just that now the alcohol is.....ANOTHER MONOSACCHARIDE! YAY! What kind of bond does Cellulose have vs Starch and glycogen? - ANS-BETA 1, 4 vs the ALPHA of starch and glycogen (some α 1,6 in there too!) Basic structure of an Amino Acid - ANS- a central carbon atom attached to a hydrogen, an acidic carboxyl group (−COOH), an amino grou...

Alkyl halides do one of two things when they react with a nucleophile/base, such as a hydroxide ion... - correct answer (1) undergo SUBSTITUTION of the X group by the nucleophile OR (2) undergo ELIMINATION of HX to yield an alkene carbon-halogen bonds in alkyl halides are polar and the carbon atoms are electron-poor, thus, alkyl halides are ELECTROPHILES Nucleophilic Substitution Reactions - correct answer -each st...

Inductive effects - correct answer The way in which electronegative atoms polarise electron density in the single bond framework of a molecule -I electron withdrawing effect - correct answer atoms that pull electrons away from the carbon that they are bonded to. more electronegative than carbon +I electron donating effect - correct answer carbon is pulling the electrons closer to ...

Chemical properties of Aldehydes and Ketones Reactions common to both Aldehydes and Ketones The difference between an Aldehyde and a Ketone is the position of the C=O (Carbonyl group). Aldehyde – always on a carbon at the end of the chain Ketone – Always on a carbon at middle carbon of the chain 1. BOTH Aldehydes and Ketones can be reduced Aldehyde reduced to Primary Alcohol Reducing agent = Sodium tetrahydroborate III (NaBH4) Ketone reduced to Secondary Alcohol Reduction Oxidisation ...

Chemical properties of Aldehydes and Ketones Reactions common to both Aldehydes and Ketones The difference between an Aldehyde and a Ketone is the position of the C=O (Carbonyl group). Aldehyde – always on a carbon at the end of the chain Ketone – Always on a carbon at middle carbon of the chain 1. BOTH Aldehydes and Ketones can be reduced Aldehyde reduced to Primary Alcohol Reducing agent = Sodium tetrahydroborate III (NaBH4) Ketone reduced to Secondary Alcohol Reduction Oxidisatio...

Chemical properties of Aldehydes and Ketones Reactions common to both Aldehydes and Ketones The difference between an Aldehyde and a Ketone is the position of the C=O (Carbonyl group). Aldehyde – always on a carbon at the end of the chain Ketone – Always on a carbon at middle carbon of the chain 1. BOTH Aldehydes and Ketones can be reduced Aldehyde reduced to Primary Alcohol Reducing agent = Sodium tetrahydroborate III (NaBH4) Ketone reduced to Secondary Alcohol Reduction Oxidisatio...