Genetics exam stuvia - Study guides, Class notes & Summaries

Warren Weaver - ANSWER - -termed molecular biology -1938 -figured out how genes and proteins were working together -not a technique, but an approach molecular biology - ANSWER - -branch of biology that deals with the molecular basis of biological activity Lodolce definition of molecular biology - ANSWER - -the study of the tiny sized (molecular) tools used by the cell to do work/make proteins (enzymes) -includes molecules that regulate processes of central dogma transmission geneti...

Gregor Mendel (1865-1866) - ANSWER- Using pea plants he observed what he called the Laws of Heredity: 1. Law of Segregation - there is one gene per sex cell, so we have to genes, one from each parent. 2. Law of Independent Assortment - traits are inherited independently, found to be untrue for all (linkage). 3. Law of Dominance - there are recessive and dominant traits, not all of them. Thomas Morgan (1910) - ANSWER- Chromosome Theory of Inheritance: 1. Sex chromosomes 2. Chromosome pair...

Trait -ANSWER_ Any characteristic that an organism displays Genomic imprinting -ANSWER_ A segment of DNA is marked and the effect is maintained throughout the life of the organism inheriting the marked DNA Maternal Effect -ANSWER_ The genotype of the mother directly determines the phenotype of her offspring. Test cross -ANSWER_ Mating between an individual that is heterozygous for two or more genes and one that is homozygous recessive for the same genes Crossing over -ANSWER_ Non sis...

What characteristic is not necessary for a molecule that is the genetic material? A. It must contain complex information B. It must be variable C. It must perform the action associated with the phenotype D. It must have the ability to replicate faithfully E. It must encode the phenotype - ANSWER- C A key discovery leading to the structure of DNA was done by Chargaff. He found that ____________ (2) A. The amount of A equals the amount of T, and the amount of G equals the amount of C B. ...

What is genetics? - ANSWER-study of genes and what they do; branch of biology that deals with heredity and variation root of the natural diversity that we observe among members of the same species as well as among different species - ANSWER-Genetic variation Gene - ANSWER-"Unit of heredity", usually described according to the way it affects the traits or characteristics of an organism How many genes are there? - ANSWER-Around 30,000-35,000 How much of the genome is coded for? - ANS...

What characteristic is not necessary for a molecule that is the genetic material? A. It must contain complex information B. It must be variable C. It must perform the action associated with the phenotype D. It must have the ability to replicate faithfully E. It must encode the phenotype - ANSWER- C A key discovery leading to the structure of DNA was done by Chargaff. He found that ____________ (2) A. The amount of A equals the amount of T, and the amount of G equals the amount of C B. ...

mendel's contributions - ANSWER- 1. traits inherited in predictable way 2. traits controlled by pair of genes 3. pair segregates during gamete formation diploid - ANSWER- a condition in which each chromosome exists in pairs; having two of each chromosome (2n) diploid number - ANSWER- members of each species have a characteristic number of chromosomes haploid - ANSWER- cell or an organism having one member of each pair of homologous chromosomes. aka gamete chromosome number (n) su...

Which of the following is NOT a correct statement about the process of meiosis? A) Four haploid cells are produced from one diploid cell. B) The DNA is replicated twice, and there are two rounds of division. C) Synapsis and crossing-over occur during prophase I. D) Meiosis I separates homologous chromosomes; meiosis II separates sister chromatids. - ANSWER- B The pairing of homologous chromosomes during meiosis is known as __________. A) nondisjunction B) synapsis C) linkage D) segre...

Mastering Genetics 3,4,9,10,11 What is the basis for homology among chromosomes? - ANSWER- type and location of genes Polydactyly is expressed when an individual has extra fingers and/or toes. Assume that a man with six fingers on each hand and six toes on each foot marries a woman with a normal number of digits. Having extra digits is caused by a dominant allele. The couple has a son with normal hands and feet, but the couple's second child has extra digits. What is the probability that ...

GENE -ANSWER a segment of DNA that is used to make a RNA molecule or a polypeptide TRANSCRIPTION -ANSWER synthesizing RNA from a DNA template PROTEIN ENCODING GENES -ANSWER carry the information from the amino acid sequence of a polypeptide mRNA -ANSWER the initial product of transcription; a temporary copy of a gene that contains information to make a polypeptide DNA REPLICATION -ANSWER making DNA copies that are transmitted from cell to cell and from parent to offspring POLYPEPT...