Mbi 111 - Study guides, Class notes & Summaries

Which term is used to describe the process when a virus is engulfed by a cell in a vacuole or vesicle? correct answers Endocytosis How many viruses in the human body are pathogenic correct answers a few At minimum, all viruses are composed of correct answers proteins and nucleic acids Which term describes a nonliving microscopic agent? correct answers infectious particle How were viruses discovered correct answers using a filter The two principal processes by which viruses penetra...

What are the types of acquired immunity? Answer natural active natural passive artificial active artificial passive describe natural active immunity Answer -antigens enter body through infection -immune system actively responds -provides lifelong protection describe natural passive immunity Answer -antibodies made by mother's immune system -immune system is not involved -provides short term protection describe artificial active immunity Answer -antigens enter body through vaccin...

Syphilis agent Answer spirochete not seen in gram stain, only seen by dark field microscopy Other names for Syphilis Answer "the great pox", "the great imitator", venereal leprosy, (insert any country name) disease syphilis transmission Answer mostly sexual contact (10-30% transmission rate) penetrates skin surface through mucous membrane, wound, abrasion, or hair follicle syphilis incubation Answer 3 weeks primary syphilis symptoms Answer chancre- painless ulcer, extremely infe...

Antoine van Leewenhoek (1600s) Answer developed simple microscopes, looked at fabric, "The Father of MBI", called bacteria "weeanimalcules" Ignaz Semmelweis (1840s) Answer suspected that doctors were transmitting childbed fever to women during childbirth, required hand washing in chlorine solution John Snow (1850s) Answer cholera, found that 500 fatal cases occurred in 10 days within 2500 yds. of a certain intersection, shut down the broad street pump and identified the link b/n choler...

Natural active immunity Answer -Antigens enter the body through infection -Active: Infected person's immune system responds -Provides long-term protection -Years to life-long due to memory B & T cells natural passive immunity Answer -Antibodies made by the mother's immune system -Are transferred from mother to fetus via placenta (IgG) or are transferred from mother to infant via breast milk (IgA) -Passive: Fetal/infant immune system is not involved -Provides short-term protection, wee...

Syphilis - Primary Stage correct answers Chancre Painless Circular, Purple Ulcer EXTREMELY INFECTIOUS Develops at site of infection lasts 2-6 weeks Secondary Syphilis correct answers Occurs 3-4 months after primary infection fever, swollen lymph nodes Extremely infectious rash Damage to liver, spleen, nervous system, even death Resolves in 2-6 weeks Tertiary syphilis correct answers Many Forms - skin, cardiovascular, nervous system Gumma formation and tissue destruction Gonorrh...

Diseases caused by Streptococcus Pyogenes correct answers Strep Throat Rheumatic Fever Glomerulonephritis Erysipelas Impetigo Septicemia Puerperal Sepsis Necrotizing Fasciitis Pneumonia Immunization and Treatment for Pneumonia correct answers Vaccine based on polysaccharide. Protects against 90% of infections Treated with antibiotics Immunization and Treatment for Tuberculosis correct answers BCG Vaccine Antibiotics for 6-9 months DOTS What conditions may lead a person to dev...

Urinary Tract Infections (UTIs) Answer Bacterial Agent: E. coli (most commonly) Cystitis occurs when bacteria find their way up the urethra and travel to the bladder Symptoms: Frequent urge to urinate, painful urination, feeling the bladder is not empty after urination, pelvic pain, nausea, fever, orange or cloudy urination --women affected more than men --untreated cystitis can progress to pyelonephritis if bacteria travels to kidneys Treatment: antibiotics (sometimes resistant) Preventio...

Syphilis - Primary Stage Answer Chancre Painless Circular, Purple Ulcer EXTREMELY INFECTIOUS Develops at site of infection lasts 2-6 weeks Secondary Syphilis Answer Occurs 3-4 months after primary infection fever, swollen lymph nodes Extremely infectious rash Damage to liver, spleen, nervous system, even death Resolves in 2-6 weeks Tertiary syphilis Answer Many Forms - skin, cardiovascular, nervous system Gumma formation and tissue destruction Gonorrhea Females Answer Fallopian...

Colonization correct answers an attachment to and replication in/on a host Infection correct answers a colonization of the body leading to damage Disease correct answers any deviation from health -not all disease is due to infection -infection does not always cause disease Symptoms correct answers subjective evidence of disease (pain, headache) Signs correct answers objective evidence of disease (rash, fever) Why do microbes cause disease? correct answers -Pathogens evolved to ...