Thermodynamics exam - Study guides, Class notes & Summaries

System - ANSWER-rigid body bounded by certain boundaries Surroundings - ANSWER-everything external to the system Boundary - ANSWER-interface between the system and the environment Closed system - ANSWER-always contains the same matter. Allows energy transfer but there can be no transfer of mass across its boundary. Open system - ANSWER-Allows both energy and mass transfer Isolated system - ANSWER-It is a type of system which is not in any way influenced by its surroundings. Pro...

What is *energy*? - ANSWER-The capacity to do work. What is *kinetic energy*? - ANSWER-Energy of motion. What is *temperature*? - ANSWER-The measure of the *average* kinetic energy of the molecules (or atoms) in substance. What is *heat*? - ANSWER-Energy that flows from hotter to colder substances because of the temperature difference. What is *internal energy*? - ANSWER-The sum of potential energy and kinetic energy in a substance. Does heat flow from hot to cold or cold to hot? ...

What are open and closed systems? - ANSWER-Closed systems (control mass) are those in which a fixed amount of mass is contained (no mass can cross the system boundary). The system boundary can be fixed or movable. Energy may cross the boundary. In an open system (control volume), mass and energy can enter and exit the system. What are extensive, intensive, and specific properties? - ANSWER-Intensive properties are independent of the mass of a system (eg. T, p, density). Extensive proper...

The temperature of an object depends on what three things? - ANSWER-1. temperature and condition of skin 2. quantity of sample 3. properties of sample temperature - ANSWER-measurement of the average KE of the particles in a substances another name for internal energy - ANSWER-thermal energy thermal energy is another name for - ANSWER-internal energy internal energy - ANSWER-energy of a substance due to the random motions of its component particles and equal to the total energy of t...

Thermodynamics - ANSWER-The study of heat and transformation into mechanical energy 1st Law of Thermodynamics - ANSWER-States that whenever heat is added to a system, it transforms to an equal amount of some other form of energy Internal energy - ANSWER-The total microscopic energy of an object, which includes its atomic and molecular translational and rotational kinetic energies, vibrational energy, and the energy stored in molecular bonds Adiabatic process - ANSWER-When a gas is compr...

What is the first law of thermodynamics? - Energy can be transferred and transformed, but it cannot be created or destroyed. A thermodynamic property. What is the second law of thermodynamics? - Energy has a quality AND quantity. In decreasing quality of energy. Hot > cold What is classical thermodynamics? - This macroscopic approach to the study of thermodynamics that does not require the behaviour of the individual particles What is statistical thermodynamics? - based o...

how can one change the temperature of a substance? - ANSWER-adding/removing energy how is the temperature of a substance related to the motion of its particles - ANSWER-proportional to the average kinetic energy of the particles in a substance. what is the internal energy of a substance - ANSWER-the energies associated with atomic motion due to both the random motion and potential energy resulting from the alignment of those particles what is thermal equilibrium - ANSWER-the state in wh...

What are the 3 types of heat transfer? - ANSWER-conduction, convection, radiation What is conduction? - ANSWER-transfer of energy from one place to another by direct contact What is convection? - ANSWER-The transfer of heat by the movement of a fluid What is radiation? - ANSWER-the transfer of energy as electromagnetic waves How many laws of thermodynamics are there? - ANSWER-four What is the zeroth law of thermodynamics? - ANSWER-objects are in thermal equilibrium only when their...