Biol 252 exam - Study guides, Class notes & Summaries

Summarize the differences between the somatic and autonomic nervous systems with regards to these factors: neurotransmitters, number of fibers, myelination, effectors, effect - ANSWER Somatic- Acetylcholine is the neurotransmitter, one nerve fiber, myelinated all the way, skeletal muscle is the effector, the effect is always excitatory Autonomic- Acetylcholine and Norepinephrine are the neurotransmitters, two nerve fibers, preganglionic nerve fibers are myelinated, glands, smooth muscle, and...

Schwann cells - ANSWER produce myelin in PNS, one of the 6 types of neuroglia. Uniporter - ANSWER A carrier protein that transports a single molecule across the plasma membrane. antiporter - ANSWER A carrier protein that transports two molecules acrss the plasma membrane in opposite directions. symporter - ANSWER transporter that carries two different ions or small molecules, both in the same direction primary active transport - ANSWER Active transport that relies directly on the hyd...

Liver - ANSWER produces bile for fat emulsion pancreas - ANSWER produces digestive enzymes. Accessory organ of the digestive system that is both an endocrine and exocrine gland components of bile - ANSWER minerals, bile pigments, bile acids (salts), phospholipids, cholesterol hepatic sinusoids - ANSWER blood filled channels between the layers of hepatocytes in the liver chymotrypsin and trypsin - ANSWER pancreatic enzymes that digest proteins hepatic lobules - ANSWER microscopic s...

How are the amino acid-based and the steroid hormones different from each other (e.g. chemical properties; transport in the blood; interactions with target cells)? - Amino acid hormones: water soluble, unbound in blood, short duration effect, needs second messenger to send signal to nucleus for transcription Steroid hormones: lipid soluble, bound in blood to protein carriers for transport, prolonged effect I gave one example of a second messenger in the voicethread. Try to find another exam...

UNC BIOL 252 Exam IV Digestive System Study Guide selective intake of food - Ans:-ingestion mechanical and chemical breakdow of food into a form usable by the body - Ans:-digestion the uptake of nutrient molecules into the epithelial cells of the digestive tract and then into the blood or lymph - Ans:-absoprtion absorbing water and consolidating the indigestible reisdue into feces - Ans:-compaction elimination of feces - Ans:-defecation the physical breakdown of food into smaller particl...

Where would you expect to find dense regular elastic connective tissue? - ANSWER aorta What do you expect brown fat to produce low levels of given the cell's role in thermogeneration? - ANSWER ATP Where would you expect to find Fibrocartilage? - ANSWER Between the femur and tibia of the knee joint Which best describes why doctors recommend that women, who are prone to estrogen-dependent osteoperosis, take calcium suppliments? - ANSWER Women cannot make Ca2+, which is essential to maint...

Matrix, Ground Substance - ANSWER Extracellular Fluid Histiology - ANSWER The study of tissue and how they are arranged Squamous - ANSWER thin, scaly cells Fusiform - ANSWER Elongated, with a thick middle and thin ends, like in smooth muscle lumen - ANSWER internal space of an organ Epithelial tissue - ANSWER Consists of a flat sheet of closely spaced cells 8 types of epithelial tissue - ANSWER Simple: simple squamous, simple columnar, simple cuboidal, pseudo-stratified columna...

Ecology is the study of - ANSWER interactions between organisms and their environment Environmental science - ANSWER Interdisciplinary field that incorporates natural sciences and social sciences. Ex: ecology and relation with politics, economics, ethics Scale - ANSWER The spatial or temporal dimension at which ecological observations are collected

chondrocytes - found in healthy cartilage; make up the matrix; facilitate the exchange of fluids through gelatinous layers; not capable of cell division tension - stretching of the muscle that are resisted by collagen fibers; aka pulling forces compression - pushing the bones toward the middle, resisted by cartilage torsion - twisting stress put on bones; collagen fibers provide resistance to it as a unit diaphysis - middle part or shaft of a bone epiphysis - head or end of a bone epiphys...

The sympathetic division: A. Is always inhibitory B. Is always stimulatory C. Is usually under conscious control D. Generally opposes the actions of the parasympathetic NS E. both a and d - ANSWER D. Generally opposes the actions of the parasympathetic nervous system Which event does not take place at the neuromuscular junction following stimulation? A. Synaptic vesicles fuse with the presynaptic membrane B. Calcium is secreted to the synaptic cleft C. ACH is cleaved by acetylcholin...