Bio 114 Study guides, Class notes & Summaries
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Binghamton Bio 114 - Exam Final Review Latest with complete solution
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"Salting out" - certain ions become too concentrated in soils and draw water out of roots by 
osmosis, causing plant death 
2 types of lateral meristems: - Cork cambium 
vascular cambium 
2 ways to increase allele diversity/allele frequency distribution: - 1.) gene flow 
2.) mutation 
3 Chordate Subphyla - Urochordata, Cephalochordata, and Vertebrata 
3 criteria for designating species: Boys Make Pasta - biological, morphological, phylogenetic 
4 key characteristics of chordates - 1.) notochor...
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Binghamton Bio 114 Final Review Test Questions and Answers Graded A 2024
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Cell Theory - All organisms are made of cells, and all cells come from pre-existing cells. 
 
Conclusion: If you trace a cell's lineage back far enough, you will discover that all cells are descended from a common ancestral cell 
 
Evolution - The heritable change in a population over time or a change in gene frequency in a population over a number of 
generations 
 
Proximate process - what happens in short term, measured in fractions of lifetimes 
 
Ultimate process - longer timeframe (lifeti...
![Binghamton Bio 114 exam 2 FINAL Questions & Answers Already Graded A+](/docpics/5720962/667cece8d6d19_5720962_121_171.jpeg)
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Binghamton Bio 114 exam 2 FINAL Questions & Answers Already Graded A+
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2 types of lateral meristems: - Cork cambium 
vascular cambium 
2 ways to increase allele diversity/allele frequency distribution: - 1.) gene flow 
2.) mutation 
3 criteria for designating species: Boys Make Pasta - biological, morphological, phylogenetic 
Adventitious Root Systems - Roots that emerge from the stem just above ground to help support 
plants in shallow soils 
Allopatric Speciation - Separated by some physical barrier 
Annuals - Angiosperm plants that die off at the end of each yea...
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Binghamton Bio 114 exam 2 FINAL EXAM Questions and Answers 2024
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Taxonomic hierarchy - a system of classifying and naming species for the purpose of understanding and establishing relatedness between species or larger groupings 
 
Kingdom Phylum Class Order Family Genus Species 
 
What words are used to name the individual type of organism? - Genus and Species 
 
Super and Sub prefixes - used to further describe refinement of groupings above and below a certain level 
 
3 criteria for designating species: Boys Make Pasta - biological, morphological, phylogen...
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Binghamton Bio 114 - Exam 2 Latest with complete solution
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adventituous root - emerges from the stem right above the ground to help support plants in 
shallow soils 
allopatric speciation - occurs when subpopulations are separated by some physical barrier. The 
two subpopulations remain reproductively isolated (no gene flow) and, over time, diverge from each 
other 
Angiosperms - Vascular plants with fruit-covered seeds 
The fruit increases the protection and dispersal of seeds; the largest number of species of all plants. 
1. Flower: a major innovation...
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Bio 114 Binghamton -Test 1 Questions & Answers Already Graded A+
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Adaptation - A trait that helps an organism survive and reproduce 
adventitious roots - roots that arise above ground 
Alleles - Different forms of a gene 
allopatric speciation - the process of speciation that occurs with geographic isolation 
Aneuploidy - Abnormal number of chromosomes. 
Archea - have cell walls that, do not contain peptidoglycan 
assotative mating - an individual is more likely to mate with another that is similar in phenotype 
to itself 
autosomal inheritance - Inheritance o...
![Binghamton Bio 114 Exam Questions + Answers Graded A+](/docpics/5720903/667ce9a2dd9ed_5720903_121_171.jpeg)
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Binghamton Bio 114 Exam Questions + Answers Graded A+
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___ are aquatic producers that create silica shells - Diatoms 
___ are pathogenic protists that can cause large skin lesions. - Leishmania 
___ are producers that are responsible for half of the C fixation in marine environments. - diatom 
___ are thought to be the first organisms to evolve oxygenic photosynthesis - Cyanobacteria 
2 specific examples you could provide to convince your friend that these organisms are relevant and/or 
interesting - ecological impact and use for medical research 
A...
Binghamton bio 114 Exam Package Deal Graded A+
![Binghamton Bio 114 Exam 2 Study Questions and Answers Graded A](/docpics/5723594/667d719f2886d_5723594_121_171.jpeg)
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Binghamton Bio 114 Exam 2 Study Questions and Answers Graded A
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Genetic Drift - the constant changing of allele frequencies (that percentage of all alleles any one, or more, allele occupies in a population) in a population over time, due to random mating. 
 
Random Mating - has the effect of changing how frequently an allele is found in a population. 
GENETIC DRIFT IS RANDOM, ALWAYS DRIFTING UP AND DOWN 
 
bottlenecks - where a gene pool is significantly reduced for some reason and a relatively small allele diversity remains. 
 
Founder event/effect - a cha...
![Bio 114 Test 1 Binghamton Questions & Answers Already Graded A+](/docpics/5720935/667ceb8098cc3_5720935_121_171.jpeg)
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Bio 114 Test 1 Binghamton Questions & Answers Already Graded A+
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adaption - A heritable trait that increases the relative fitness of individuals having the trait. 
All organisms are mad of cells- cell theory - Cells are naturally occurring compartment bound by a 
thin, flexible plasma membrane, and contains chemicals in an aqueous solution that perform life 
functions 
All cells come from existing cells, continous cycle 
Alpha - The threshold allowed to for a probable similarity between the data and the null. 
alternative hypothesis - The hypothesis that stat...
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