Bis 2a midterm Study guides, Class notes & Summaries

Which of the following activities does the ribosome perform? A B. Polymerization of dNTPs C. Addition of the correct amino acid to the 3'OH of tRNA D. Removal of incorrect amino acids E. C and d are correct - ️️A. Establishment of the reading frame and formation of peptide bonds A missense mutation is: A. When the two bases of the double helix don't match B. When the sequence of a codon is changed, but its meaning is not C. A mutation that changes the amino acid encoded D....

On early Earth, the first things that looked like they might be classified as living organisms used iron sulfur clusters as catalysts. If these "naked" iron sulfur clusters can catalyze reactions, why do our cells instead use proteins carrying iron sulfur clusters as catalysts? a. To decrease substrate specificity b. To increase substrate specificity c. To prevent spontaneous oxidation of the iron in the cluster d. a and c e. b and c - ️️e. b and c Two tabby (striped) cats are bred...

1. A couple who are both carriers for the gene for cystic fibrosis have two children who have cystic fibrosis. What is the probability that their next child will have cystic fibrosis? (Assume parents are heterozygous) a) 0% b) 25% c) 50% d) 75% e) 100% - ️️b) 25% 2. In crossing a homozygous recessive with a heterozygote, what is the chance of getting an offspring with the homozygote recessive phenotype? a) 0% b) 25% c) 50% d) 75% e) 100% - ️️c) 50% 3. In snapdragons,...

1. Which of the following activities does the ribosome perform? a. Establishment of the reading frame and formation of peptide bonds b. Polymerization of dNTPs c. Addition of the correct amino acid to the 3'OH of tRNA d. Removal of incorrect amino acids e. c and d are correct. - ️️a. Establishment of the reading frame and formation of peptide bonds 2. A missense mutation is ... a. When the two bases in the double helix don't match b. When the sequence of a codon is changed, but i...

What does a protein do to be able to react with other molecules? - ️️produced as a linear stretch but folded up to be able to react What are catalysts made of? - ️️proteins plus other small molecules Why does life use a catalyst for every reaction? - ️️A. make it go faster B. emphasize the rare useful reactions and avoid toxic alternatives C. to optimize rates for current conditions D. to allow species to compete with other species by employing a specialized lifestyle Wha...

What are prokaryotes? - ️️single-celled organisms with neither a membrane-bound nucleus nor other lipid membrane-bound organelles What two phylogenetically distinct groups make up prokaryotes? - ️️bacteria and archaea What are the three domains of life? - ️️bacteria, archaea, and eukarya TRUE or FALSE: an ancestor of modern archaea is believed to have given rise to eukarya. - ️️TRUE Although bacteria and archaea share many morphological, structural, and metabolic attr...

What are proteins made of? - ️️Proteins are made up of amino acids linked together by peptide bonds, as well as the R groups attached to the amino acids (which make them unique and give certain characteristics) Proteins are formed through the process of condensation, when the carboxylic group and the amine group of the amino acids bind together to produce water, forming a peptide bond. How the various levels of organization (primary, secondary...) affect the structure and activity of a...

In addition to covalent and ionic bonds, which of the following interactions is of interest to the biologist in BIS2A. a. van der Waals interactions b. Hydrogen bonds c. Hydrophobic interactions d. a and b e. All of the above - ️️e. All of the above Which of the following statements about atoms is true? a. An electron has a more negative charge than a proton has a positive charge, which is why there are usually more protons than electrons in an atom. b. Neutrons simply add mass to...

In cells which express telomerase, telomerase will add telomeric sequences to: - ️️The 3' ends of chromosomes A missense mutation is ... - ️️A mutation that changes the amino acid encoded Generally speaking, the genes for regulatory proteins that directly detect environmental signals (for example, the Lac Repressor protein) are transcribed... - ️️All the time (constitutively) The coding region for the lacZYA operon is fused to a strong, constitutively expressed eukaryotic p...

Amino acids in a protein chain are attached by bonds called ____________. - ️️Peptide Bond Where do peptide bonds form? - ️️Between the carboxyl group of one amino acid and the amino group of another amino acid. What changes when a protein denatures? - ️️Three dimensional structure The peptide bond that forms between two amino acids is an example of a - ️️Covalent Bond Which cell makes up the bulk of the cell membrane? - ️️phospholipids Which lipid provides a w...