Chem 241 correct - Study guides, Class notes & Summaries

What is the Arrhenius definition of an acid/base? - correct answers acid: increases [H30+] in solution base: increases [OH-] in solution What is the Bronsted-Lowry definition of an acid/base? - correct answers acid: donates H+ base: accepts H+ What is the Lewis definition of an acid/base? - correct answers acid: e- pair acceptor base: e- pair donor What are the 7 strong acids? - correct answers HCl, HBr, HI, HNO3, HClO3, HClO4, H2SO4 (first H only) What functional group do the str...

Beer's Law Conditions - correct answers 1. Monochromatic Radiation is passed thru solution 2. Solution is not too concentrated. Typically <0.01M 3. Solution is homogenous 4. Absorbing species is not participating in a concentration dependent equilibirum X-Ray - correct answers Electronic Transitions - Core electrons UV-Vis - correct answers Electronic Transitions - Valence electrons; vibrational; rotational IR - correct answers Vibrational; Rotational Micro - correct answers R...

A. Will your compound be more soluble in hot or cold solvent? - correct answers It will be more soluble in hot solvent because increasing temperatures increases molecular movement, causing more collisions between the water molecules and the solid compound. B. You have a solution of NaCl and water. You heat the solution to boiling and observe bubbles forming in the solution, and vapor escaping the flask. What is the identity of the bubbles and the vapor? - correct answers The bubbles is the wa...

What's the reason for filtration in recrystalization - correct answers to remove insoluble impurities ortho and para are more stable why - correct answers because allow for tertiary carbocation when can you skip filtration during recryst. - correct answers if no insoluble impurities are present why warm filter tip pipets - correct answers to prevent premature crystalization why cant the solvent from a recrystallization be removed via evaporation instead of centrifugation? - correct ...

Goals of Separation - correct answers recovery of product, purity of product Types of Chromatography - correct answers Adsorption - SP: solid, MP: gas/liquid Partitioning - SP: liquid, MP: gas/liquid Ion-Exchange - SP: bonded anion/cation, MP: liquid Molecular Exclusion - SP: has pores, MP: liquid Affinity - SP: antigen/antibody interactions, MP: liquid Electrophoretic - no SP Solvent Extractions based on - correct answers Some solvents are not miscible; "like dissolves like"; less ...

Van Deemter Equation - correct answers A-term: multiple paths - correct answers - only affects packed columns - A term goes down with uniformly packed columns - smaller SP particles decrease A - no A term in OT because there are no particles A term band broadening - correct answers different particles take different paths with varying lengths and times to get out of column B term: longitudinal diffusion - correct answers - smaller molecules diffuse more than larger molecules - incr...

solvent-solvent extraction - correct answers solute is partitioning between two layers based on solubility and polarity Partition coefficient K - correct answers [S]org/[S]aq q^n=(V1/(V1+KV2)^n - correct answers q-fraction of solute left in V1 V1-volume of solvent being extracted V2-volume of solvent used to extract K-partition coefficient m-total moles of solute 1 big extraction vs many small extractions - correct answers many small extractions are better than 1 small extraction ...

What was solvent-solvent extracted used for in experiment 1? - correct answers -to extract ethanol from alcoholic beverages (busch, busch light, and a non-alcoholic drink) Why can you not do a direct analysis on alcohol? - correct answers because it also contains carbs, proteins, and water and these things could interfere with the analysis How do you combat this problem (in exp 1)? - correct answers -isolate the compound of interest from the rest of the compounds in the sample what is a...

V1 - correct answers volume of phase 1 (phase being extracted) V2 - correct answers volume of phase 2 (phase doing the extracting) [S]1= - correct answers Q*m/v1 [S]2= - correct answers (1-Q)*m/v2 if [H+]> Ka - correct answers D=k if [H+]< Ka - correct answers D=0 gas-gas chromatography - correct answers won't work because gases mix solid-solid chromatography - correct answers won't work because solids don't flow Velocity of solute - correct answers Vm* (1/1+K(Vs...

Extraction - correct answers Transfer of a solute from one phase to another Eluent - correct answers Fluid entering the column Partition Chromatography - correct answers Separation based on solute dissolving into stationary liquid Ion-Exchange Chromatography - correct answers Separation based on charge, stationary phase is made of either negatively or positively charged beads Size Exclusion Chromatography - correct answers Separation based on molecular size, larger molecules elute fi...