Micr 221 - Study guides, Class notes & Summaries

MICR 221 - Final Exam (Banfield) questions with correct answers

MICR 221 MIDTERM TEST QUESTIONS WITH ANSWERS ALL UPDATED! What are trace elements? - Answer-very little in media since they are present in sufficient amounts as contaminants of the major things being added to the media, cofactors for key enzymes, copper, cobalt, manganese, zinc, nickel How is the requirement for carbon, oxygen and hydrogen met? - Answer-add a single organic compound like glucose or protein What carbon source do autotrophs use; heterotrophs? - Answer-carbon dioxide; reduce...

MICR 221 TESTED QUESTIONS WITH ALL REVISED ANSWERS – UPDATED!! What is commensalism - Answer-a symbiotic relationship in which one organism benefits and the other is neither helped nor harmed What is mutualism - Answer-a symbiotic relationship in which both organisms benefit What is pathogenesis - Answer-a symbiotic relationship in which one organism is harmed (the pathogen may or may not grow outside of the host) What is parasitism - Answer-a symbiotic relationship in which one orga...

T/F: viruses always kill the host Correct Answer-false; require a place to live T/F: hosts fully kill all traces of virus Correct Answer-false; by fully killing the virus, it enables new pathogens to enter Example of Beneficial Host-Virus Relationships (2) Correct Answer-1. Host - worm Virus - polydnavirus from wasp eggs (prevents destruction of eggs in worm) 2. HERVs (retrovirus) causes residual glycoprotein in trophoblasts which fuse to form syntitotrophoblast (leads to placental form...

MICR 221 TEST QUESTIONS WITH REVISED ANSWERS what happens in the investment phase - Answer-ATP used to phosphorylate sugar 6C sugar ring broken into two 3C chains What happens in the payoff phase - Answer-oxidations and removal of phosphate produced ATP and NADH Net Products of glycolysis - Answer-2 pyruvate 2 ATP 2 NADH products from pyruvate dehydrogenase - Answer-1 NADH products of 1 full cycle of TCA - Answer-3 NADH 1 GTP (converted to 1 ATP) 1 FADH2 (gives less ATP) ...

MICR 221 EXAM QUESTIONS WITH ANSWERS ALL REVISED AND UPDATED Pneumonic plague - Answer-lung infection, can spread from human to human. When people cough, tiny droplets move through the air, Plague - Answer-1st use of quarantine, not very useful. killed one third of European population. First use of germ warfare Typhoid fever - Answer-transmitted by ingestion of food or water contaminated. Contain the bacterium Salmonella typhi and serotype typhi Fracastoro - Answer-Italian scientist...

MICR 221 - Final Exam (Banfield) questions with correct

MICR 221 Exam Questions With 100% Correct Answers AB toxins - Answer-They are two component protein complexes The A subunit has toxic (enzymatic) activity. B subunit binds to surface of host human cell and facilitates internalization of the A sub unit /.Adaptation of oral bacteria to challenging micro environments - Answer-early colonizers are exposed to a pH of 3-4 late in colonization, bacteria are present in an anoxic environment /.aerotolerant anaerobe - Answer-tolerate oxyge...

MICR 221 Midterm Exam Questions With Correct Answers Example of Infectious Disease in 1813 and now - answer1813: Napoleon's army in Leipzig had 220,000 out of 500,000 infected with illness like typhus and dysentery which led to his defeat Now: Haiti is in its 6th year of cholera that killed 10,000 and sickened 650,000 Who is Anton van Leeuwenhoek () and what is he credited for? - answeris a haberdasher who is the first to describe microbes using microscopes that could magnify 50-300x; d...

Micr 221 Exam Questions With Correct Answers Aerobic environment and aerobes environment - answerhigh oxygen (atmospheric, 21% O2) oxic environment Microaerobic environment and microaerophiles environment - answertrace oxygen (2-10% O2 or less) hypoxic environments Anaerobic envirnment and anaerobes environment - answerstrictly 0% O2 anoxic Environment facultative - answerif O2 is present it will use, if not then it won't use O2 Flexibility - answerability to adapt to a range of envir...