Mmbio 221 - Study guides, Class notes & Summaries

Developed smallpox immunization using cowpox agent - Answer-Edward Jenner Sought a "magic bullet" to destroy pathogens & not host - Answer-Paul Ehrlich Discovered penicillin - Answer-Alexander Fleming Pioneered aseptic surgery, Prevented surgical infections by using mists of phenol - Answer-Joseph Lister Father of Epidemiology (Cholera in London) - Answer-John Snow Pioneered asepsis by discovering that hand washing prevented streptococcal infections in obstetric patients - Answer-Ignaz Sem...

Virulence: mycolic acid in cell wall causes slow growth, protection from lysis once bacteria are phagocytized, capacity for intracellular growth, resistance to Gram-staining, detergents, many antimicrobial drugs, and dessication - Mycobacterium Tuberculosis Unique properties: grows very slowly, can live within macrophages, tuberculin skin test--positive when red swelling appears, BCG vaccine is used in countries w/ lots of TB cases, effective on 80% of children and 20-50% of adults, cord fact...

Virulence: mycolic acid in cell wall causes slow growth, protection from lysis once bacteria are phagocytized, capacity for intracellular growth, resistance to Gram-staining, detergents, many antimicrobial drugs, and dessication - Answer-Mycobacterium Tuberculosis Unique properties: grows very slowly, can live within macrophages, tuberculin skin test--positive when red swelling appears, BCG vaccine is used in countries w/ lots of TB cases, effective on 80% of children and 20-50% of adults, ...

Coliform - rapidly ferment lactose, are part of normal microbiota, may be opportunistic, aerobic or facultatively anaerobic. Found in soil and plants. Presence in water= impure water and poor sewage treatment 3 types of antigens used to serotype enteric bacteria - O-outer membrane K- capsular antigen H- flagellar lancefield typing - grouping catalase negative and coagulase negative bacteria based on carbohydrate composition of bacterial antigens found on cell walls. Used to organize vari...

Disinfection - destruction of vegetative pathogens; usually on inanimate objects. Antiseptic - agent which prevents bact. contamination and growth; usually on living tissue. Which agent doesn't necessarily work better at higher concentrations? - Alcohol, 70% (goldie lock zone)(60-80% most effective) (Ethyl and Isopropyl) -Alcohol is very effective to resistant to inactivation by organic materials (halogens are not good at this) Name the factors that affect a disinfectant activity. - -Cont...

Obligate halophiles - High osmotic pressure aka lots of salt like the great salt lake Facultative halophiles - Type that causes acne can be in salty also known as osmolaric but not nessesary Neutrophiles - Most bacteria Protozoa and pathogens like neutral ph rang 6.5-7.5 Acidophiles - Really acidic as low as 0 pH Alkalineophiles - Grow best in basic range up to 11.5 ex cholera Thermophiles - Higher temperatures above 45C ex hot springs Hyperthermophiles - Hottest 80C and above Mesophiles...

An acid-fast pathogen; over one-third of the world's population is infected; caseous necrosis is a hallmark of disease; MDR, XDR, BCG, and DOTS apply to this organism. Mycobacterium tuberculosis The most common cause of non-nosocomial urinary tract infections, usually in women; also the cause of the life-threatening disease known as hemolytic uremic syndrome. Escherichia coli Brainpower Read More Causes a life-threatening disease in individuals experiencing crowded and stressful livin...

MMBIO 221 Robison Final Questions with Complete Solutions

MMBIO 221 Final Exam Questions with Complete Solutions