Njengamartin399

Preoperative Care 1. A patient scheduled for surgery asks why they cannot eat or drink before the procedure. The nurse's best response is: a) "You can have a small meal before surgery." b) "It is okay to drink water, but not eat." c) "Fasting reduces the risk of aspiration during surgery." d) "The anesthesiologist will discuss the diet restrictions." Answer: c) "Fasting reduces the risk of aspiration during surgery." Rationale: Fasting before surgery is im...

1. The physician orders 500 mg of a drug to be administered to the patient. The available medication label reads 250 mg per 5 mL. How many mL should the nurse administer? a. 5 mL b. 10 mL c. 2.5 mL d. 15 mL Answer: b. 10 mL Rationale: 250 mg in 5 mL means 500 mg will be in double the volume, i.e., 10 mL. Formula: (Dose ordered / Dose on hand) x Volume = (500 mg / 250 mg) x 5 mL = 10 mL. ________________________________________ 2. A patient is receiving 1000 mL of normal saline over 8 hou...

1. The nurse is caring for a patient in isolation due to a communicable infection. Which personal protective equipment (PPE) should the nurse don before entering the patient’s room? • A) Gloves and gown • B) Gloves, gown, and face shield • C) Gloves only • D) Gown and mask Answer: B Rationale: For a patient in isolation for a communicable infection, the nurse must wear gloves, a gown, and a face shield if there is any risk of contact with bodily fluids. 2. What is the most effec...

1. The nurse is assessing the skin turgor of a 45-year-old client. Where should the nurse pinch to assess turgor? • A. Dorsum of the hand • B. Forehead • C. Over the sternum • D. Anterior forearm Correct Answer: C. Over the sternum • Rationale: The skin over the sternum is a good location to assess turgor because it reflects overall hydration. Pinching skin over the dorsum of the hand in older adults can give false results due to skin thinning. 2. Which finding would the nurse e...

1. A nurse is preparing to administer a unit of packed red blood cells (PRBCs). What is the most critical action for the nurse to take before beginning the transfusion? o A) Obtain the patient’s vital signs o B) Verify the blood product with another nurse o C) Prime the blood transfusion set with saline o D) Educate the patient about the transfusion process Answer: B Rationale: Verifying the blood product with another nurse is crucial to prevent errors and ensure patient safety. 2. Whic...

Question 1 A client is ordered to receive 0.9% sodium chloride (normal saline) IV at 125 mL/hour. The nurse understands that this type of IV solution is classified as: • A. Hypotonic • B. Isotonic • C. Hypertonic • D. Colloid Answer: B. Isotonic Rationale: Normal saline is an isotonic solution, meaning it has the same osmolarity as body fluids, which helps to maintain the fluid balance in the body. ________________________________________ Question 2 Which of the following would...

A patient receiving Total Parenteral Nutrition (TPN) begins to show signs of hyperglycemia. What is the priority nursing action? A. Administer an insulin injection immediately. B. Stop the TPN infusion immediately. C. Notify the healthcare provider and check blood glucose levels. D. Increase the infusion rate to compensate for hyperglycemia. Answer: C. Notify the healthcare provider and check blood glucose levels. Rationale: Hyperglycemia is a common complication of TPN due to the high glu...

1. A nurse is teaching a client with heart failure about a low-sodium diet. Which food should the nurse advise the client to avoid? a. Fresh vegetables b. Canned soups c. Whole grains d. Fresh fruits Answer: b. Canned soups Rationale: Canned soups are often high in sodium and should be avoided by clients on low-sodium diets. Fresh vegetables, whole grains, and fresh fruits are generally low in sodium. ________________________________________ 2. Which vitamin is essential for calcium abso...

1. What is the normal range for adult resting heart rate? A) 40-60 bpm B) 60-100 bpm C) 100-120 bpm D) 120-160 bpm Answer: B Rationale: The normal resting heart rate for adults is typically between 60 and 100 beats per minute (bpm). 2. A patient’s blood pressure is recorded at 130/85 mmHg. This reading is classified as: A) Normal B) Elevated C) Hypertension Stage 1 D) Hypertension Stage 2 Answer: C Rationale: A blood pressure reading of 130/85 mmHg falls within the range classifie...

1. Which of the following is the primary buffer system in the extracellular fluid? A) Protein buffer system B) Bicarbonate buffer system C) Phosphate buffer system D) Hemoglobin buffer system Answer: B) Bicarbonate buffer system Rationale: The bicarbonate buffer system is the primary buffer in extracellular fluid, maintaining pH by neutralizing acids and bases. ________________________________________ 2. A patient presents with a pH of 7.30, PCO2 of 50 mmHg, and HCO3 of 24 mEq/L. This pa...