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Introduction • Cells in the human body may be based on –tissue formation –on their function   Human body cells based on tissue formation • 1.Bone cells (Osteocytes) -toughest body Cell since they are bound together by calcium and phosphate • They give strength, support and frame-work to the body by enclosing organs in skeletal system i.e bones. • 2.Cartilage cells (chondrocytes)– similar to bone cells but the surrounding material is just loose and flexible ...

Introduction • Inflammation is a defensive reaction intended to neutralize, control, or eliminate the offending agent and to prepare the site for repair. • Meant to serve a protective function. • Occurs in cell injury events, such as strokes and myocardial infarctions. Introduction • Inflammation is an adaptive response to noxious conditions-an attempt to restore homeostasis • Inflammation can be induced by immune recognition that is hypersensitive to environmental components...

Introduction • Hemorrhage is extravasation of blood outside the blood vessel. • Hematoma-Hemorrhage enclosed within a tissue or a cavity • Exsanguination- total loss of blood • Desanguination- major loss • Hemorrhage is one of the basic problems and considerations in surgery • From trivial trauma or major abdominal organ injuries- congenital and acquired coagulation disorders • A wide spectrum of problems involves hemorrhage Classification of hemorrhage  According t...

BODY FLUID AND ELECTROLYTES • Body fluids and electrolytes play an important role in maintaining homeostasis of the body • Body fluids transport nutrients, electrolytes, and oxygen to cells and carrying waste products away from cells. • Many diseases and their treatments can affect fluid and electrolyte balance. • E.g a patient with metastatic breast or lung cancer may develop hypercalcemia because of bone destruction from tumor invasion. • Chemotherapy prescribed to treat the...

FLUID AND ELECTROLYTE IMBALANCE • Body fluids and electrolytes play an important role in maintaining homeostasis of the body • Body fluids transport nutrients, electrolytes, and oxygen to cells and carrying waste products away from cells. • Many diseases and their treatments can affect fluid and electrolyte balance. • E.g a patient with metastatic breast or lung cancer may develop hypercalcemia because of bone destruction from tumor invasion. • Chemotherapy prescribed to t...

INTRODUCTION TO HUMAN PATHOLOGY Pathology-Goals • To understand and analyze the relationship between pathologic changes and clinical manifestations. • To take a clinical history and order tests logically. • To develop a correct diagnosis. • To communicate with professionals and patients. Human pathology • Pathology - scientific study of diseases. • Forms a bridge between medicine and basic sciences • One of the most important methods to diagnose disea...

THE PEDIATRIC HEALTH ASSESSMENT HISTORY Obtaining a complete history of a pediatric patient not only is necessary but also leads to the correct diagnosis in the vast majority of children. The history usually is learned from the parent, the older child, or the caretaker of a sick child. After learning the fundamentals of obtaining and recording historical data, the nuances associated with the giving of information must be interpreted. For the acutely ill child, a short, rapidly obtained report...

it has notes from the introduction to parasitology, Cestoda, haemo flagellates, protozoans and trematodes

it has the following topics; cestoda, taeniasis, and trematodes

it has notes on entomology, nematodes and fascioliasis