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What is the priority in initially managing arrhythmias? - The initial management of both stable and unstable arrhythmias are identical to the treatment for any critically-ill child. Begin with the support of the airway, breathing, and circulation and treating the underlying cause of the arrhythmia. What are the causes of secondary bradycardia? - Hypoxia, hypotension, hypothermia, acidosis, drugs. What are the causes of primary bradycardia? - Congenital or acquired heart conditions. What...

Which pulses should be assessed to monitor systemic perfusion in a child? - peripheral and central What should the first rescuer arriving on the scene of an unresponsive infant or child do? (in order) - 1. verify scene safety 2. check for responsiveness 3. shout for help 4. activate the emergency response system Why may excessive ventilation during CPR be harmful? - - it increases intrathoracic pressure - it impedes venous return If you cannot achieve effective ventilation (ie, the ...

What is the most appropriate precautionary action to minimize gastric inflation during bag-mask ventilation? - deliver each breath over about 1 sec What happens to the arterial oxygen level in a child with severe anemia? - may increase when dissolved oxygen is increased The evaluate-identify-intervene sequence should be continued until - the child is stable How can the CPR coach improve CPR quality in a resuscitation event? - Coach to midrange targets Which is true of increased carbo...

Where can you check a pulse on an infant and child? infant - brachial child - femoral What are signs of increased respiratory effort that can lead to fatigue and respiratory failure? Select all that apply nasal flaring unlabored breathing apnea seesaw respirations retractions head bobbing nasal flaring seesaw respirations retractions head bobbing Determine the respiratory rate by counting the number of times the chest rises in _____ seconds and multiplying by _____. 30 2 Tachy...

Corticosteroid cream - when applied to the skin reduces itching caused by allergies quite quickly or within a few days Local anesthetics - when applied to the skin numb the nerves in the skin altering the transmission of signals to the brain(Benzocaine and Lidocaine) Emollient creams - applied to the skin reduce inflammation and itching by cooling the skin( Calamine lotion) Antipruritics - caine 2. diphenhydramine 3. corticosteroid 4. dibucaine Purpose(antipruritics) - Relieve ...

Functions of the skin - - 1st line of defense - prevents excessive fluid loss - controls body temp - sensory perception - Synthesizes Vitamin D Epidermis - - 5% of skin - Avascular - no nerves - protective barrier to foreign material/ bacteria - Keratin= waterproofs the skin - Melanin= skin pigment - Albinism= lack of melanin production - Vitiligo= areas of hypopigmentation - Melasma= Patches of darker skin Dermis - - connective tissue with elastic & collagen - flexibility & ...

Anatomy of the Skin - Epidermis Dermis Subcutaneous tissue Drugs for the skin - Topical glucocorticoids (cream, ointment, or gel) Uses for Topical Glucocorticoids - To relieve inflammation and itching Drying agent Adverse effects of glucocorticoids - Stretch marks Purpura Telangiectasia Hypertrichosis Possible systemic toxicity Local reactions Thinning of the skin Stretch marks Purpura Telangiectasia Hypertrichosis Possible systemic toxicity Systemic toxicity of adverse...

isotretinion(Accutane) - nodular acne to reduced the size of the sebaceous glands and inbihits sebum production. tretinion(Retin-A) - follicular irritant, used for wrinkles reduction,sun damaged skin. Benzoyl Peroxide(Benzagel) - used as a peeling agent Acetylcholine - a cholinergic neurotransmitter used in neuromuscular junction. neuromuscular junction - the point at which a motor neuron nerve connects to a muscle cell fiber. acetycholinesterase - an enzyme that destroys acetycho...

Keratolytic agents - used when there is overgrowth, thickening salicylic acid - ASA - used to break down scales to the horny layer of the skin sulfur - produces peeling and drying good for acne and seborrheic dermatitis benzol peroxide - drying and peeling of skin, good for moderate acne tx, can cause hypersensitivity with asthma patient Dermatitis types - irritant - not allergic response, reddened and scaly eruptions from exposure allergic - immunological response to antigen (t-cells) ...

What is S4 indicative of? - In the 2nd phase of ventricular filling, vibration in the valves, papillae, and ventricular walls produce S4. When there is increased resistance to filling because ventricular walls have lost compliance. HTN, CAD or increased stroke volume high output, anemia, pregnancy, and thyrotoxicosis. A loud S4 suggest pathology and deserves additional evaluation. What is the apical PMI? - Point of maximal impulse (PMI), the point at which the apical impulses are most readily...