Summary
Summary Graad 12 Opsomming DNA RNA Meiose
Summary of Life Sciences Grade 12 in Afrikaans in easy and understandable language. Only the core work is included, for a more in-dept background, please review your prescribed handbook
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Terme/Definisies• Haploïede sel: 'n Sel waar daar net een stel chromosome is.
• Diploïede sel:‘n Sel waar daar ‘n dubbele stel chromosome is.
• Gamete: Geslagselle (bv. ovums en sperm) wat ‘n enkele stel chromosome
besit
• Somatiese sel: Liggaamsel wat ‘n diploïede getal chromosome besit
• Gonosome: die geslagschromosome in ‘n organisme
• Outosome: Chromosomewat nie vir geslagsbepaling verantwoordelik is nie.
• Homoloë chromosome: ‘n Paar chromosome wat van elke ouer geërf is en
wat dieselfde gene by dieselfde lokus het.
• Sitokinese: Verdeling van die sitoplasma tydens seldeling.
Struktuur van chromosome:
•Chromosome bestaan uit DNS/DNA (wat gene vorm) en proteïene.
•Die getal chromosome in 'n sel is kenmerkend van 'n organisme (bv.die mens het
46 chromosome)
•Diploïede selle het twee stele chromosome waar elke chromosoom ‘n homoloë
maat het.
•Haploïede selle het een stel chromosome.
•Chromosome in haploïede selle hetnie homoloë maats nie.
•Voordat meiose begin (gedurende interfase) vind DNS/DNA replisering plaas.
•Chromosome wat enkele stringe is, word dubbel (twee chromatiede geheg deur 'n
sentromeer) asgevolg van DNS/DNA replisering
Meiose:
•Meiose is ‘n tipe seldeling waar ‘n diploïede sel (somatise sel) verdelings ondergaan
om haploïede selle (gamete of geslagselle) te vorm.
•Meiose vind plaas in die testesen ovariumsvan plante en in die helmknoppeen
saadknoppevan plante.
Let wel: Meiosis is ‘n deurlopende proses wat ingedeel word in eerste meiotiese
deling (Meiose I) en tweede meiotiese deling (meiose II).
Die gebeure van meiose word gerieflikheidshalwe ingedeel in verskillende fases.
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