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Class notes Mass and Balance (ATPL232) Mass Balance, Meteorological, Ice Motion, Surface Altitude, and Runoff Data at Gulkana Glacier, Alaska, 1993 Balance Year, ISBN: 9780117907454R81,63
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Class notes Mass and Balance (ATPL232) Mass Balance, Meteorological, Ice Motion, Surface Altitude, and Runoff Data at Gulkana Glacier, Alaska, 1993 Balance Year, ISBN: 9780117907454
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ATPL Mass and Balance 27 October 2003
, CHAPTER 1
Introduction ..............................................................................................................................................1-1
CAP 696 - JAR FCL Examinations Loading Manual ................................................................................1-1
Section 1 - General Notes (Pages 1 to 4) ................................................................................................1-2
Definitions ................................................................................................................................................1-2
Conversions (Page 4) ..............................................................................................................................1-3
CHAPTER 2
Mass and Balance Theory
Centre of Gravity (CG) .............................................................................................................................2-1
Effect of Mass (Weight)............................................................................................................................2-2
Balance Arm (BA) ....................................................................................................................................2-2
Datum or Reference Datum .....................................................................................................................2-2
Aeroplane Datum .....................................................................................................................................2-2
SEP 1.......................................................................................................................................................2-2
MEP 1 ......................................................................................................................................................2-3
MRJT 1 ....................................................................................................................................................2-3
Moment....................................................................................................................................................2-3
Loading Index (LI) ................................................................................................................................2-5
Centre of Gravity (CG) .............................................................................................................................2-6
Relocation of Weight................................................................................................................................2-9
Adding Mass ..........................................................................................................................................2-10
Volumetric Measure ...............................................................................................................................2-11
Questions For Chapter 2........................................................................................................................2-14
CHAPTER 3
Mass Limitations
Finding the Basic Mass and Centre of Gravity of an Aircraft....................................................................3-1
Operating Mass (OM) ..............................................................................................................................3-4
Zero Fuel Mass (ZFM) .............................................................................................................................3-4
Maximum Zero Fuel Mass (MZFM)..........................................................................................................3-5
Structural Limitations ...............................................................................................................................3-5
Maximum Structural Take-Off Mass.........................................................................................................3-5
Maximum Structural Taxi Mass................................................................................................................3-5
Maximum Structural Landing Mass..........................................................................................................3-6
Performance Limited Take-Off Mass (PLTOM)........................................................................................3-7
Performance Limited Landing Mass (PLLM)............................................................................................3-7
Regulated Take-Off Mass (RTOM) ..........................................................................................................3-7
Regulated Landing Mass (RLM) ..............................................................................................................3-7
Take-Off Mass (TOM) ..............................................................................................................................3-7
Landing Mass (LM) ..................................................................................................................................3-8
Fuel Terminology .....................................................................................................................................3-8
Basic Aerodynamic Principles................................................................................................................3-13
Centre of Gravity and Stability ...............................................................................................................3-18
Centre of Gravity Envelope....................................................................................................................3-20
Plotting on a CG envelope .....................................................................................................................3-20
Questions for Chapter 3.........................................................................................................................3-24
Requirements of JAR - OPS
Weighing of Aircraft – JAR OPS 1 ...........................................................................................................4-1
Fleet Mass and CG Position ....................................................................................................................4-1
Tare Mass................................................................................................................................................4-2
Loading of Aircraft....................................................................................................................................4-3
Floor Loading...........................................................................................................................................4-4
Security of a Load ....................................................................................................................................4-4
Mass and Balance Document ..................................................................................................................4-5
Last Minute Changes ...............................................................................................................................4-5
Responsibilities ........................................................................................................................................4-6
Mean Aerodynamic Chord (MAC) ...........................................................................................................4-6
Standard Crew and Passenger Masses from JAR – OPS 1 Subpart J ..................................................4-10
Infants and Children...............................................................................................................................4-11
Adults.....................................................................................................................................................4-11
Passenger Baggage Values ..................................................................................................................4-12
Load Shifting Formula............................................................................................................................4-13
Useful Load and Laden..........................................................................................................................4-14
S.I Units (Systeme International) ...........................................................................................................4-14
Questions for Chapter 4.........................................................................................................................4-16
Medium Range Jet Transport – MRJT 1
Introduction ..............................................................................................................................................8-1
Contents ..................................................................................................................................................8-1
Aircraft Description...................................................................................................................................8-1
Locations Diagram ...................................................................................................................................8-1
Table to Convert Body Stations to Balance Arm......................................................................................8-2
Landing Gear Retraction..........................................................................................................................8-2
Effect of Flap Retraction ..........................................................................................................................8-2
Take-Off Horizontal Stabiliser Trim Setting..............................................................................................8-3
Obtaining Trim Units ................................................................................................................................8-3
Conversion of BA to or from % MAC........................................................................................................8-4
Mass and Balance Limitations .................................................................................................................8-5
Centre of Gravity Limits ...........................................................................................................................8-5
Fuel..........................................................................................................................................................8-5
Passengers (PAX) and Personnel ...........................................................................................................8-6
ATPL Mass and Balance iv 27 October 2003
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