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Summary Summarised human sexual reproduction notes
Summarised and easy to follow human sexual reproduction notes that follows the SAGS document and makes references to diagrams alongside
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1sexual reproduction
● Two parents
● Fusion of sex cells
● Offspring a combination of gen. material from both parents
● Slower (more energy and time)
● Creates variation
male reproductive system
structure:
● Primary sex organs (gonads)
○ Testis
● Ducts:
○ Epididymis
○ Sperm duct
○ Urethra
● Accessory glands:
○ Prostrate
○ Seminal vesicle
○ Cowper's gland
● External genitalia:
○ Penis
scrotum:
● Hangs loosely
● Temp 3 deg. Lower
● When temp cold = scrotum pulls the testes closer to warmth of body
testis:
● Sperm made in seminiferous tubules in the testes
● Produce sperm by germinal layer of seminiferous tubules
● Prod. & release testosterone (hormone)
■ By: Cells of Leydig
ducts:
● epididymis
○ Sperm:
■ Storage
■ Mature
, 2
■ Motility
● vas deferens (sperm duct)
○ Transports sperm from epid. through urethra
● urethra
○ Transports semen & urine to exterior (NOT AT SAME TIME)
accessory glands:
● Seminal vesicles
○ 2 sac-like structures
○ Attached to vas def.
○ Release sticky yellowish fluid rich fructose
○ In semen = nourishment for sperm cells
○ Medium for sperm to move
● Prostate gland
○ Gland below bladder
○ Produces milky fluid
○ Stim. movement of mature sperm cells
● Cowper's gland
○ Opening into urethra
○ Secretes an alkaline mucous fluid
○ Neutralizes acidic urine
○ Lubricant for intercourse
penis:
● Special spongy erectile tissue
● Deposit semen with sperm into female vagina during
copulation
erection:
○ Dilation of dorsal & central blood vessels that
supply blood to penis
○ Blood fills erectile tissue
○ Penis lengthen & stiffen
○ Necessary for transfer to female vagina
, 3
male puberty
- Involves physical & psychological changes to the body
testosterone:
❏ Steroid hormone
❏ Made from cholesterol
❏ Skin
❏ Growth of facial & body hair
❏ Male sex organs
❏ Sperm production
❏ Prostate growth
❏ Erectile function
❏ Brain
❏ Sex drive
❏ Pos. feelings
❏ Muscle:
❏ Muscle mass & strength
physical changes that occur:
❏ Growth in size of penis & testis
❏ Spermatogenesis begins
❏ Hair growth in public area & armpits
❏ Larynx (voice box) enlarges and deepens voice
❏ Growth in muscle, bones, broadening of shoulders
❏ Growth spit
❏ Acne
spermatogenesis
*production of mature haploid sperm prod.by meiosis from germinal epithelium in seminiferous tubules in testis*
● Begins @ puberty
● Last throughout life
● Testosterone is essential (also FSH & ICSH)
● Approx. 72 days
● Mature & stored in epid.
sperm
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