Applied Pathophysiology A Conceptual Approach to the i i i i i i
Mechanisms of Disease 3rd Edition Braun Test Bank
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Chapter 1Introduction to Pathophysiology
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1. The nucleus i , which is essential for function and survival of the cell.
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A) is the site of protein synthesis
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B) contains the genetic code i i i
C) transforms cellular energy i i
D) initiates aerobic metabolism i i
2. Although energy is not made in mitochondria, they are known as the power
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plants of the cell because they:
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A) contain RNA for protein synthesis. i i i i
B) utilize glycolysis for oxidative energy.
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C) extract energy from organic compounds. i i i i
D) store calcium bonds for muscle contractions.
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3. Although the basic structure of the cell plasma membrane is formed by a lipid
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bilayer, most of the specific membrane functions are carried out by:
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A) bound and transmembrane proteins. i i i
B) complex, long carbohydrate chains. i i i
C) surface antigens and hormone receptors. i i i i
D) a gating system of selective ion channels.
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4. To effectively relay signals, cell-to-cell communication utilizes chemical
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messenger systems that:
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A) displace surface receptor proteins. i i i
B) accumulate within cell gap junctions. i i i i
C) bind to contractile microfilaments.
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D) release secretions into extracellular fluid.
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5. Aerobic metabolism, also known as oxidative metabolism, provides energy by:
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,A) removing the phosphate bonds from ATP. i i i i i
B) combining hydrogen and oxygen to form water. i i i i i i
C) activating pyruvate stored in the cytoplasm. i i i i i
D) breaking down glucose to form lactic acid.
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6. Exocytosis, the reverse of endocytosis, is important in
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extracellular fluid.
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A) Engulfing and ingesting fluid and proteins for transporti i i i i i i
B) Killing, degrading, and dissolving harmful microorganisms
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C) Removing cellular debris and releasing synthesized substances
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D) Destruction of particles by lysosomal enzymes for secretion i i i i i i i
7. The process responsible for generating and conducting membrane potentials is:
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A) diffusion of current-carrying ions. i i i
B) millivoltage of electrical potential. i i i
C) polarization of charged particles. i i i
D) ion channel neurotransmission.
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8. Epithelial tissues are classified according to the shape of the cells and the
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number of layers. Which of the following is a correctly matched description
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and type of epithelial tissue?
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A) Simple epithelium: cells in contact with intercellular matrix; some do not
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extend to surface
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B) Stratified epithelium: single layer of cells; all cells rest on basement
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membrane
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C) Glandular epithelium: arise from surface epithelia and underlying
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connective tissue
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D) Pseudostratified epithelium: multiple layers of cells; deepest layer rests on i i i i i i i i i
basement membrane
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9. Connective tissue contains fibroblasts that are responsible for:
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A) providing a fibrous framework for capillaries. i i i i i
B) synthesis of collagen, elastin, and reticular fibers.
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,C) forming tendons and the fascia that covers muscles.
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D) filling spaces between tissues to keep organs in place.
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10. Although all muscle tissue cells have some similarities, smooth muscle (also
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known as involuntary muscle) differs by:
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A) having dense bodies attached to actin filaments.
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B) containing sarcomeres between Z lines and M bands. i i i i i i i
C) having rapid contractions and abundant cross-striations.
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D) contracting in response to increased intracellular calcium. i i i i i i
11. Which of the following aspects of the function of the nucleus is performed by
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ribosomal RNA (rRNA)?
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A) Copying and carrying DNA instructions for protein synthesis
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B) Carrying amino acids to the site of protein synthesisi i i i i i i i
C) Providing the site where protein synthesis occurs i i i i i i
D) Regulating and controlling protein synthesis i i i i
12. Breakdown and removal of foreign substances and worn-out cell parts are
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performed by which of the following organelles?
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A) Lysosomes
B) Golgi apparatus i
C) Ribosomes
D) Endoplasmic reticulum (ER) i i
13. Impairment in the function of peroxisomes would result in:
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A) inadequate sites for protein synthesis. i i i i
B) an inability to transport cellular products across the cell membrane.
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C) insufficient energy production within a cell. i i i i i
D) accumulation of free radicals in the cytoplasm. i i i i i i
14. After several months of trying to conceive, a couple is undergoing fertility
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testing. Semen analysis indicates that the mans sperm have decreased motility,a
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finding that is thought to underlie the couples inability to become pregnant.
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, Which of the following cellular components may be defective within the mans
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sperm?
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A) Ribosomes
B) Microtubules
C) Mitochondria
D) Microfilaments
15. Which of the following statements is true of glycolysis?
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A) Glycolysis requires oxygen. i i
B) Glycolysis occurs in cells without mitochondria.
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C) Glycolysis provides the majority of the bodys energy needs.
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D) Glycolysis produces energy, water, and carbon dioxide.
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16. Which of the following membrane transport mechanisms requires the greatest
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amount of energy?
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A) Facilitated diffusion i
B) Passive transport i
C) Vesicular transport i
D) Simple diffusion i
17. A male patient with a diagnosis of type 1 diabetes mellitus is experiencing
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hyperglycemia because he lacks sufficient insulin to increase the availability of
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glucose transporters in his cell membranes. Consequently, his cells lack
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intracellular glucose and it accumulates in his blood. Which of the following
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processes would best allow glucose to cross his cell membranes?
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A) Facilitated diffusion i
B) Simple diffusion i
C) Secondary active transport i i
D) Endocytosis
18. Which of the following statements is true of skeletal muscle cells?
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A) Skeletal muscle cells each have an apical, lateral, and basal surface.
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