Exam (elaborations)
TMN 3705 EXAM COMPLATION OF EXAM PAPER AND ANSWERS.
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- TMN3705
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- University Of South Africa
TMN 3705 EXAM COMPLATION OF EXAM PAPER AND ANSWERS.
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STUDYCLOCKS MULLA – 60902515 – PST202G – Compilation of Exam Paper Answers (2016 – 2018)
1. Discuss the nature and origin of Natural Science. [10]
• An interest in natural Science involves finding out about and making sense
of the natural world. Natural Science is rooted in the belief that nature is
comprehensible, which means it is not capricious and magical but rather it
is rationally ordered and can therefore be known and understood. Natural
Science as we know today combines direct, experimental investigation of
nature with reasoned, inductive logical thinking in order to interpret,
explain and make generalizations about the patterns or regularities
observed in nature.
• The founders of natural science were Galileo Galilei, Johannes Kepler and
Sir Isaac Newton. We are not saying that natural science did not exist
before these men. Ancient Greeks, Arabs and Chinese were great
mathematician, engineers and astronomers but their reasons were based
mainly on intuitive ideas and perceptual experience. The founders of
experimental science stressed human shortcomings and the subsequent
need for testing intuitive ideas and perceptual experience against reality.
Their theories were subjected theories to the test of observation and
experimentation. On the basis of these assumptions natural science made
great progress, both natural science and technology have made it possible
to become transcultural.
• Experimental science and technology are part of very few cultural
products that have crossed all cultural boundaries and are acknowledges
and used worldwide.
• From the above statements we have made clear that natural science is a
body of knowledge which is filled with ideas and concepts that explain
natural things and events as well as a method of gaining knowledge.
2. Why is Natural Science Education Valuable? Discuss Briefly [10]
• Natural Science is the search of the true works of nature which has been
of great value purely on practical grounds only. Science and technology
has played a significant role in improving the quality of life such as
eliminating diseases, pests, famine etc.
• Natural Science has become moral valuable through its search for the
truth. It originated where scientist believed in the direction reality and the
truth took them, they achieved this with a mindset that included a
questioning attitude, a desire to discover the truth and humility. All these
things are not only essential for Natural Science but also for all real
learning experiences. Real learning in all other fields most of the time
involves an unfriendly task of admitting to one’s own errors which
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, S MULLA – 60902515 – PST202G – Compilation of Exam Paper Answers (2016 – 2018)
demands them to be honest, have humility and a sense of responsibility.
Natural Science being a subject that searches for the truth may teach
these qualities.
• All children should be exposed to Natural Science and taught about how it
affects their lives, their community and the environment around them.
Natural Science education can lead to greater employment opportunities
and a better standard of living in our communities.
• Natural Science education is essential as it has great value in the learner’s
life as well as the lives of the people in their community. The following are
some of the values of Natural Science Education;
Ø It provides experience which leads to the development of basic
scientific literacy. All children need to be scientifically literate in
order to function effectively in a modern society and economy that
mainly rely on science and technology.
Ø It creates a basic understanding of nature and everyday
technological devices. Children who see nature and technology as
being understandable, develop greater confidence than those
children who view it as mysterious and magical.
Ø It contributes to community upliftment by developing individuals
who are scientifically literate and can cope with basic socio-
scientific problems
Ø It contributes to the development of inquiry which is necessary for
life-long learning.
Ø It helps to create and awareness of sensitivity and concern for the
nature and environment
Ø It is the search for truth which may teach qualities of honesty,
humility and responsibility to individuals.
3. What are the criteria for meaningful activities? [5]
• Activities should be age and grade appropriate for the learner and related
to the knowledge and skills that they have already acquired.
• If necessary scientific concepts should be related to the child’s
experiences and interests.
• The learner should have sufficient and correct prior knowledge in order to
understand the activity, this knowledge should be taught before the activity
is done.
• Teachers needs to clearly explain the purpose of the activity.
• The teacher should be in control of the class at all times to avoid
unproductive playing which children are naturally inclined to.
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, S MULLA – 60902515 – PST202G – Compilation of Exam Paper Answers (2016 – 2018)
4. Distinguish between knowledge and mental frameworks. [6]
An ideas is a conception one has of something, but ones conception may not
always be the correct reflection of the way it really is (ones idea maybe
incorrect).
To have knowledge of something means that one’s idea about something
corresponds to the way it is meant to be. Therefore knowledge is limited to
correct ideas.
Mental frameworks consists of both correct and incorrect ideas.
A teacher is required to ensure that learners construct mental frameworks which
are also knowledge frameworks, (learners ideas correspond with how things
really are)
5. Explain what is meant by ‘’child science’’. [4]
Child science refers to the explanatory ideas of natural phenomena that children
construct themselves. These ideas are often incorrect. Child science may also
include incorrect information acquired from adults. It is the duty of the Natural
Science teacher to correct these incorrect ideas.
6. Discuss the needs for discipline in a classroom and in a science classroom
in particular. [10]
• Good behavior is not natural behavior. Children’s lack of inhibitions means
that they have tendency to be impulsive and act innocently in a self-
destructive manner. Children tend to be social beings, therefore without
discipline the class will turn into chaos, which is not fruitful to the education
of the learner or the standards of good behavior. Discipline is needed in all
classrooms but in a science classroom it is vital in order to prevent
accidents, injuries and the breaking of equipment.
• Discipline can be achieved in the class if the teacher insists on self-control
and respect for an older person as well as a disciplined work ethic. The
teacher should:
Ø Practice respect by being courteous. There should be no tolerance
for disrespect shown by the child towards the adult,
Ø Make it clear to the students that they are in school to learn subject
matter and to learn how to have a good character. Model self-control,
self-discipline and diligent by being well prepared and punctual for
your lesson.
Ø Insist on the correctness with regards to their subject work such as
grammar and spelling. This disciplines the mind and teaches the
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