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OCR A Level Geography Earth's Life Support Systems Summary - 2b (It is possible to identify the physical and human factors that affect the water cycle in an Arctic tundra area)R70,66
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OCR A Level Geography Earth's Life Support Systems Summary - 2b (It is possible to identify the physical and human factors that affect the water cycle in an Arctic tundra area)
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Course
Earth\'s Life Support Systems
Institution
OCR
Book
OCR A Level Geography Second Edition
Clear concise summary of Chapter 4 (ELSS) of Michael Raw's OCR A Level Geography textbook which is linked to these documents
Chapter 4, 2b (it is possible to identify the physical and human factors that affect the water cycle
September 13, 2022
3
2021/2022
Summary
Subjects
geography
a level geography
ocr
ocr geography
year 12
year 13
elss
arctic tundra
water cycle
carbon cycle
rock permeability
temperature
earths life support systems
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Content preview
1.2. How do the water and carbon cycles operate in contrasting
Water cycle in theloca
tundra
The
2b. It is possible to identify the physical and human factors that affect main
the features in
water
350mm) with most pre
cycle in an Arctic tundra area
Small stores of moist
Introduction: reduce absolute humid
There is also limited
Tundra = fast, flat treeless Arctic region of Europe, Asia & North America in who the subsoil is permanently vegetation cover & sho
frozen There are low rates o
Permafrost = ground, including rock or soil at or below the freezing point of water 0°C for 2 or more years. summer is expended m
Most permafrost is located in high latitudes (in & around the Arctic & the Antarctic regions)
& inhibit convection
Active layer = top layer of soil that thaws during the summer & freezes again during autumn
Surface & soil water ar
Tree line = latitude limit of tree growth
There are also limited
The arctic tundra occupies 8 mill km^2 in Northern Canada, Alaska, Greenland & Siberia - high latitudes Permafrost underlies m
Climatic conditions in the tundra are severe & become more extreme with latitude the region's water cyc
For 8 - 9 months a yr, the tundra has a negative heat balance with average monthly temps < freezing - & groundwater flow
more heat energy is radiated than absorbed = ground is permanently frozen with only the top metre or Accumulation of snow
so thawing during the arctic summer Melting of snow, river
In the winter for several wells, the sun remains below the horizon, temps can plunge < - 40°C permafrost in spring &
Long hours of daylight in summer attempt to compensate for this Extensive wetlands, po
This temporary store
implodes drainage
Physical factors affecting stores & flows of water: Rock permeability & porosity
Temperature Disturbs the water cycle:
Crystalline rocks disturb percolation – Relief
Disturbs the water cycle:
these rocks dominate the geology of the Disturbs the water cycle:
Low temps (-37 degrees Celsius) = less
tundra Due to gentle relief
evapotranspiration (not enough heat to break
Impermeable rocks such as granite don’t months ground becom
molecular bonds of water) - cooler air can hold little
store water, HOWEVER porous rocks such with water - wa
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