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EMBODIED COGNITION
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Lecture notes of 6 pages for the course neuropsychology at UNN (LECTURE 3 OUT OF 6)
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Lecture 3 – embodied cognitionLudwig Wittgenstein;
- “Uttering a word is like striking a note on the
keyboard of the imagination.”
- Loses its nervous system when it is no longer
needed.
- Glenberg, 2013 ‘Thinking is influenced by the
body and brain interacting with the
environment’ use study for further research
in exam.
Embodies cognition is the opposite to Fodor’s
Modularity Thesis;
- Anti-fodorian theories argue against specific mechanisms:
- Mental modules are:
- 1. Domain specific
- 2. Innate
- 3. Fast & automatic
- 4. Encapsulated
- Critics of modularity opt for Processes that are:
- domain general
- learned (not innate)
- slower
- non-encapsulated
Latent Semantic Analysis (LSA);
- Built on symbol-symbol relations
- In theory:
- How and where words occur tells us how similar they are in meaning
- Provide evidence against this support embodied cognition
Glenberg & Robertson, 2000;
- Participants and LSA are given sentences
involving novel uses of words
- Afforded; As a substitute for her pillow,
she filled up an old sweater with leaves.
(Accepted by LSA)
- Nonafforded; As a substitute for her
pillow, she filled up an old sweater with
water. (Rejected by LSA)
- Related; As a substitute for her pillow, she
filled up an old sweater with clothes.
- People find this task trivially easy
- LSA struggles
, LSA;
- The problem with symbol to symbol mappings e.g. a computer cannot associate
anything with a picture of an animal apart from other words.
- See also Harnad (1990);
- Try to navigate Beijing with a
- Chinese-only dictionary
- All the symbol-to-symbol mapping doesn’t give you any knowledge (by iteself)
EC claims;
- Perceptual and conceptual systems heavily overlap
- Semantic memory is highly similar to episodic memory
- Knowledge consists of reactivating sensorimotor traces from
experience
- e.g. Thinking of a chair involves mentally representing the
perceptual aspects for chair: its shape & size (vision), material
(touch), what it’s like to sit on (motor), etc.
summary;
- Thinking is influenced by the body and brain interacting with the environment
Supported by;
- Concurrent tasks
- Brain imaging
- Clinical populations
- Development
- Education
Future challenges and shortcomings;
- Explain abstract concepts
- Demonstrate functional relevance
Concurrent tasks;
- People are asked to hold a pencil in their mouths (either
with teeth or lips)
- Try holding a pencil (or finger) with your teeth and look
at the next slide (Strack et al., 1988)
- When u hold it with your pencil you can’t help but smile
and the opposite when u hold with your lips.
- When then evaluating a funny picture, when activating
the smiling muscles you allows people to judge
something more positively.
- Bargh, Chen, & Burrows (1996)
- Participants were asked to sort scrambled words into
meaningful sentences
- The words included references to the elderly (bingo, gray,
wrinkles, Florida, wise)
- Ps walking speed out of the lab was measured
- Found Participants’ walking speed was reduced when they
previously sorted words priming the elderly population
(Florida, gray, wrinkles)
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