Illinois Pesticide Applicator Rights-Of-Way questions and answers

first step in weed control identification of weed broadleaf weeds netted veins narrowleaf weeds (grasses) long, thin leaves with parallel veins areas preferred by annuals soil is disturbed or perennial plants are spotty/poor areas preferred by winter annuals soil is disturbed in fall or left exposed over winter areas preferred by biennials areas not mowed or disturbed areas preferred by perennials areas with minimal soil disturbance Examples foxtail, crabgrass, common chickweed, henbit annuals weeds Examples garlic mustard, wild carrot, bull thistle, common teasel Biennial Weeds Examples Johnsongrass, dandelion, Canada Thistle, honeysuckle Perennial Weeds Herbaceous perennial die in fall, but root systems overwinter woody perennial persistent aboveground stems that remain each season monocotyledons (monocots) parallel-veined leaves that are much longer than they are wide; grasses or grasslike dicotyledons (dicots) netted-veins that are usually less elongated than grass; broadleaves vegetative characteristics used to identify grass weeds collar region, ligule, stem shape, nodes, presence of hair vegetative characteristics used to identify broadleaf weeds cotyledons, leaves, flowers, fruits, roots noxious weeds control is required by law; common ragweed, giant ragweed, marijuana, musk/Canada thistle exotic weeds cannot be sold/used without permit issued by govt; Japanese honeysuckle, Chinese buckthorn, giant hogweed best weed control programs integrate cultural and chemical control methods; Integrated Weed Management benefits of cultural control controls weeds indirectly, perennial grasses prevent erosion, mulch/gravel helps keep weed pressure down disadvantages to biological control weed species specific and slow to show results girdling process of cutting ring around woody plant through bark and sapwood; interrupt sap flow grubbing uprooting by pulling/digging herbicides chemicals used to control,suppress, or kill plants factors to be considered when using chemical control environmental risks, weather, soil textures, proximity to water growth regulators chemically slow down plants; best used steep slopes or areas when mowing is difficult factors that can lessen penetration or absorption leaf surface/cuticule waxes photosynthetic inhibitors prevent photosynthesis in plants; chlorosis/rapid wilting; nonselective growth hormones causes growth abnormalities; used on foliage; leaf rolling/twisting of stems meristematic inhibitors affect growing points of plants phosphono amino acid derivatives applied to foliage because they have very little soil activity; chlorosis; stunting and narrow upright leaves ACCase Inhibitors foliar applied herbicides that selectively control grass; broadlead unaffected ALS enzyme inhibitors absorbed through the foliage and roots and translocated to growing areas; growth stops immediately dinitroanilines soil applied; used to control small seeded broadleaves and annual grasses; grass shoots appear red or purple done to prevent herbicide resistance scout regularly, rotate herbicides, combine different controls, clean equipment two ways observed for herbicide resistance alterations in target site; enhanced metabolism small trees for girdles 1/2 - 1 1/2 inches deep and 1 or 2 inches wides larger trees girdles 1 - 2 inches deep and 6 - 8 inches wide frilling variation of girdling; downward angled cuts are made around tree; ax or hatchet spaced cuts / tree injections discontinuous frill around tree and small amounts of herbicide placed in each cut basal bark treatment spraying lower 12 - 18 inches of trunk with herbicides when should basal bark treatment not be used bark is very wet or covered in snow/ice; where runoff or leaching is possible cut surface treating a cut stump with an herbicide after tree is cut when should water based herbicides be used in cut surface immediately after cutting tree; spray critical areas of stump when should oil based herbicides be used in cut surface in the spring; spray entirety of stump basal soil soil treatments; applied within dripline of target species foliar treatment applied to the foliage factors that affect herbicide effectiveness if rainfall occurs; or using adjuvants with oil to increase surface tension compressed-air sprayers hold about 1-1/2 - 5 gallons; carried by hand or on shoulder normal psi for compressed air sprayers 20-60psi; if drops to 10psi then repressurize backpack sprayers like compressed sprayers but has straps for backpack; can get psi as high as 150