RELIAS - FETAL HEART MONITORING 2023
QUESTIONS AND ANSWERS 100% CORRECT
GRADED A+
uterine blood supply - CORRECT ANS - uterine arteries deliver oxygenated blood to spiral
arteries which bring oxygen rich blood to intervillous space of placenta that has fetal capillaries
- fetal capillaries carry the O2 rich blood to umbilical VEIN that goes to fetus
-in contrast, the umbilical ARTERIES return waste products to that intervillous space that go
into mother's venous system
Potential issues that negatively affect fetal oxygenation - CORRECT ANS *Maternal
Oxygenation:* asthma, hyper- or hypo- ventilation
*Placental O2 and CO2 Exchange:* postterm, abruption, HTN, hypotension, uterine
tachysystole
*Fetal circulation:* cord compression or occlusion
Fetal hypoxemia - CORRECT ANS - can occur d/t reduced fetal O2 reserves, excessive
uterine activity, or reduced uteroplacental blood flow
- worsening fetal hypoxemia can lead to abnormal FHR patterns, mostly minimal or absent
variability from acidemia
(1) hypoxemia vs. (2) hypoxia - CORRECT ANS 1 - reduce O2 in blood
2 - reduced O2 delivery at tissue level
Fetal anaerobic metabolism - CORRECT ANS - occurs when long term O2 delivery is
insufficient to meet cellular needs of tissues
- results in production of lactic acid and other noncarbonic acids
- ACIDOSIS is the presence of excessive acids in tissues
,RELIAS - FETAL HEART MONITORING 2023
QUESTIONS AND ANSWERS 100% CORRECT
GRADED A+
acidosis - CORRECT ANS pH below 7.35
pH is low
(acidosis is the process that leads to low blood pH, or acidemia)
alkalosis - CORRECT ANS pH above 7.45
pH is high
buffers - CORRECT ANS - help maintain acid base homeostasis
- 2 major fetal buffers are plasma bicarbonate and hgb
base excess and base deficit - CORRECT ANS - base deficit is expressed as a positive
number
- base excess is expressed as a negative number
~ they are equivalent and terms are used interchangeably ~
fetal acidosis - CORRECT ANS - when O2 is decreased to fetus, tissue hypoxia results in
acidosis, which then shows a drop in pH, a loss of bicarb, and increase in base deficit
acidemia - CORRECT ANS assoc w/ widespread, deleterious effects on vital organ and
body function
fetal hypoxia during birth - CORRECT ANS assoc w/ neonatal depression, low apgars,
neonatal encephalopathy, and cerebral palsy
respiratory acidosis - CORRECT ANS *low pH (< 7.10), high pCO2 (> 60), normal base
deficit ( < 12)*
- increase of pCO2 for fetus that lowers pH but doesn't affect base deficit
factors that contribute to resp acidosis - CORRECT ANS - sudden decrease in placental
or cord perfusion
- uterine tachysystole
, RELIAS - FETAL HEART MONITORING 2023
QUESTIONS AND ANSWERS 100% CORRECT
GRADED A+
- maternal hypoventilation
metabolic acidosis - CORRECT ANS *ph < 7.10 , normal pCO2 (<60), high base deficit
(>12)*
- a higher base deficit (such as > 12) has been assoc w/higher risk for severe neonatal
complications
- most common cause of metabolic acidosis in fetus is r/t inadequate O2 delivery
- prolonged hypoxic insult to fetus results in depletion of bicarb, which is a base buffer that
normalizes pH levels
mixed acidosis - CORRECT ANS *pH < 7.10 , high pCO2 > 60, and high base deficit >12*
- may develop when resp acidosis persists for a prolonged period of time
-outcome for neonates is dependent on degree and severity, but typically the lower pH and
higher base deficit means worse neonatal outcomes
- most often seen in prolonged bradycardia at time of birth
what is used to evaluate fetal acidosis? - CORRECT ANS arterial umbilical cord blood
artery values (fetus to placenta) - CORRECT ANS Normal ranges:
pH 7.20-7.28
pCO2 35-70
Base excess -3 to -9
venous values (placenta to fetus) - CORRECT ANS Normal ranges:
pH 7.35
The benefits of buying summaries with Stuvia:
Guaranteed quality through customer reviews
Stuvia customers have reviewed more than 700,000 summaries. This how you know that you are buying the best documents.
Quick and easy check-out
You can quickly pay through EFT, credit card or Stuvia-credit for the summaries. There is no membership needed.
Focus on what matters
Your fellow students write the study notes themselves, which is why the documents are always reliable and up-to-date. This ensures you quickly get to the core!
Frequently asked questions
What do I get when I buy this document?
You get a PDF, available immediately after your purchase. The purchased document is accessible anytime, anywhere and indefinitely through your profile.
Satisfaction guarantee: how does it work?
Our satisfaction guarantee ensures that you always find a study document that suits you well. You fill out a form, and our customer service team takes care of the rest.
Who am I buying this summary from?
Stuvia is a marketplace, so you are not buying this document from us, but from seller Courseinstructor. Stuvia facilitates payment to the seller.
Will I be stuck with a subscription?
No, you only buy this summary for R343,58. You're not tied to anything after your purchase.
