I. A 60-year-old woman presents with a chief complaint of uncomfortable breathing on exertion. She has had a minimally productive cough for several years that does not bother her. On further questioning, she states that her breathing gets much worse when

I. A 60-year-old woman presents with a chief complaint of uncomfortable breathing on exertion. She has had a minimally productive cough for several years that does not bother her. On further questioning, she states that her breathing gets much worse when she lies down. The most likely cause of her dyspnea is:

Answer: Cardiac

II. A 68-year-old male presents with a chief complaint of episodes of lightheadedness or dizziness. He states that sweating, tachycardia, and some hand trembling are often associated with these episodes. Which one of the following questions should you ask to help confirm the diagnosis?

Answer: Are these symptoms related to eating?

III. A 68-year-old male presents with a chief complaint of episodic dizziness. Although not dizzy at present, he states that he has noted onset of dizzy episodes when he rolls over in bed and occasionally when he turns his head rapidly. Episodes last about 3 minutes. The most likely diagnosis is:

Answer: Benign positional vertigo

IV. A 75-year old resident in the nursing home has end stage dementia and experiences a 10- pound weight loss over the course of 2 months. The resident has become increasingly difficult to feed and often spits out food, pockets food, and frequently drools. The family is concerned about the resident\'s nutritional status. What is the initial action of the nurse practitioner?

Answer: order a swallow evaluation

V. A 77-year-old client being treated for glaucoma asks the nurse practitioner what causes glaucoma. The nurse bases the response on the knowledge that the increase in intraocular pressure is a result of:

Answer: a breakdown in the absorption process