NR565/NR 565 ADVANCED PHARMACOLOGY
CARE OF FUNDAMENTALS MIDTERM
EXAM WITH VERIFIED ANSWERS
QUESTION
How does strength of fentanyl compare to morphine
Answer:
high milligram potency (about 100 times that of morphine)
QUESTION
through what system is fentanyl metabolized?
Answer:
CYP34A ...
NR565/NR 565 ADVANCED PHARMACOLOGY
CARE OF FUNDAMENTALS MIDTERM
EXAM WITH VERIFIED ANSWERS
QUESTION
How does strength of fentanyl compare to morphine
Answer:
high milligram potency (about 100 times that of morphine)
QUESTION
through what system is fentanyl metabolized?
Answer:
CYP34A (isoenzyme of CYP450), levels of fentanyl can be increased by CYP34A inhibitors
QUESTION
What is methadone used to treat?
Answer:
relieve pain and treat opioid addiction
QUESTION
What are some things that put the elderly patient at higher risk for adverse drug reactions?
Answer:
reduced renal function
polypharmacy (the use of five or more medications daily)
greater severity of illness
presence of comorbidities
use of drugs that have a low therapeutic index (e.g., digoxin)
increased individual variation secondary to altered pharmacokinetics
inadequate supervision of long-term therapy
poor patient adherence
,QUESTION
How can healthcare providers decrease likelihood of an elderly patient experiencing an adverse
drug reaction?
Answer:
obtaining a thorough drug history that includes over-the-counter medications
considering pharmacokinetic and pharmacodynamics changes due to age
monitoring the patient's clinical response and plasma drug levels
using the simplest regimen possible
monitoring for drug-drug interactions and iatrogenic illness
periodically reviewing the need for continued drug therapy
encouraging the patient to dispose of old medications
taking steps to promote adherence and to avoid drugs on the Beers list
QUESTION
How can we promote medication adherence with elderly patients?
Answer:
simplifying drug regimens
providing clear and concise verbal and written instructions
using an appropriate dosage form
clearly labeling and dispensing easy-to-open containers
developing daily reminders
monitoring frequently
affordability of drugs
support systems
QUESTION
Why do nitrates need to be taken no later than 4 PM?
Answer:
Need nitrate free interval so tolerance doesn't develop
QUESTION
Nine factors that impact outcome of medication?
Answer:
Gender and race
Genetics and pharmacogenomics
Variability in absorption
placebo effect
Tolerance
patho
,age
bodyweight
QUESTION
Do you need informed consent for genetic testing?
Answer:
yes
QUESTION
What is the purpose of the Genetic Information Non-Discriminatory Act?
Answer:
Protects patients from discrimination by employers and insurance providers based on genetic
information
QUESTION
What are some things that put the elderly patient at higher risk for adverse drug reactions?
Answer:
reduced renal function
polypharmacy (the use of five or more medications daily)
greater severity of illness
presence of comorbidities
use of drugs that have a low therapeutic index (e.g., digoxin)
increased individual variation secondary to altered pharmacokinetics
inadequate supervision of long-term therapy
poor patient adherence
QUESTION
How can healthcare providers decrease likelihood of an elderly patient experiencing an adverse
drug reaction?
Answer:
obtaining a thorough drug history that includes over-the-counter medications
considering pharmacokinetic and pharmacodynamics changes due to age
monitoring the patient's clinical response and plasma drug levels
using the simplest regimen possible
monitoring for drug-drug interactions and iatrogenic illness
periodically reviewing the need for continued drug therapy
encouraging the patient to dispose of old medications
taking steps to promote adherence and to avoid drugs on the Beers list
, QUESTION
How can we promote medication adherence with elderly patients?
Answer:
simplifying drug regimens
providing clear and concise verbal and written instructions
using an appropriate dosage form
clearly labeling and dispensing easy-to-open containers
developing daily reminders
monitoring frequently
affordability of drugs
support systems
QUESTION
Why do nitrates need to be taken no later than 4 PM?
Answer:
Need nitrate free interval so tolerance doesn't develop
QUESTION
Nine factors that impact outcome of medication?
Answer:
Gender and race
Genetics and pharmacogenomics
Variability in absorption
placebo effect
Tolerance
patho
age
bodyweight
QUESTION
Do you need informed consent for genetic testing?
Answer:
yes
QUESTION
What is the purpose of the Genetic Information Non-Discriminatory Act?
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